{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T04:39:29Z","timestamp":1793939969470,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]],"date-time":"2021-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Lab Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In 2012, the International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH) published recommendations for the identification, quantitation, and diagnostic value of schistocytes. In the present review, the impact of these recommendations is evaluated. This work is based on citations in peer\u2010reviewed papers published since 2012. The first 2012 ICSH Recommendations have also been revised to incorporate newly published data in the literature and current best laboratory practice. Recommended reference ranges have been proposed for healthy adults and full\u2010term neonates of 1% or less schistocytes. More than 1% of morphologically identified schistocytes on the blood film are considered suspicious for thrombotic microangiopathy. For preterm infants, a normal level of 5% or less is recommended. The fragment red cell count (FRC) generated by some automated hematological analyzers provides a valuable screening tool for the presence of schistocytes. Specifically, the absence of FRCs can be used as a valuable parameter to exclude the presence of schistocytes on the blood film. The validity and usefulness of microscope schistocytes and automated FRCs, respectively, are discussed in the context of the laboratory diagnostic tests used for thrombotic microangiopathies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,25]],"date-time":"2021-08-25T02:36:43Z","timestamp":1629859003000},"page":"1264-1271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["2021 update of the 2012 ICSH Recommendations for identification, diagnostic value, and quantitation of schistocytes: Impact and revisions"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-294X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gina","family":"Zini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS Rome Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1948-3092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"d'Onofrio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1028-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wendy N.","family":"Erber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Western Australia Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1454-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Szu\u2010Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St George Hospital University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1962-2614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yutaka","family":"Nagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Clinical Laboratory Kansai University of Health Sciences Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grzegorz W.","family":"Basak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine The Medical University of Warsaw Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"Transplant Complications Working Party European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lesesve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service d\u2019H\u00e9matologie Biologique Centre Hospitalier R\u00e9gional Universitaire de Nancy, and U1256 INSERM Universit\u00e9 de Lorraine Lorraine France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Council for Standardization in Hematology (ICSH)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2011.01380.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2257.2002.00435.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Groupe Fran\u00e7ais d'H\u00e9matologie Cellulaire (GFHC). Reproductibility of the morphological identification of schisocytes and evaluation of non\u2010observer\u2010dependent methods","volume":"63","author":"Lesesve JF","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"GarziaM Di MarioA RossiE et al.Automated screening for schistocytes with two hematology analyzers. Abstract Book XVIII Int. ISLH Symp. Skokie IL. 2005Abstract A\u201086."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2012-0574"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12059"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tjh.2016.0359"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2019-125174"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2021.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.13571"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.1984.tb02949.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12181"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V126.23.4540.4540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-99-114159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lpm.2011.10.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hct142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","first-page":"1529306","article-title":"A rare cause of thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura\u2010 (TTP\u2010)like syndrome, vitamin B12 deficiency: Interpretation of significant pathological findings","volume":"2019","author":"Bailey M","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V128.22.4816.4816"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12856"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000013541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2020.04.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1087831"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12168"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","first-page":"602","article-title":"Schistocytes, echinocytes, iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytopenia \u2010 Hematologic Manifestations of splenic angiosarcoma","volume":"16","author":"Rosenblatt P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0041-1723784"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4608(98)00053-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10245330512331390348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12936\/tenrikiyo.18-014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.20.6.848"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/DCPND5J6FL59UCD3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13497"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.25551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjms.2020.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.10450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2006.00829.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01466957"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","volume-title":"Dacie and Lewis Practical Haematology","author":"Bain BJ","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357378"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"The erythrocyte differential count in newborn infants","volume":"5","author":"Zipursky A","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am J Pediatr Hematol Oncol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2006.06033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnostic utility of haematologic scoring system in neonatal sepsis","volume":"8","author":"Sarma MR","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J of Neon Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","first-page":"729","article-title":"Neonatal atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome may cause prenatal asphyxia","volume":"15","author":"Fallahpour M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Iran Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40064-016-1667-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0482-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Bone marrow transplant\u2010associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a case series","volume":"15","author":"Zeigler ZR","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2005.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.10699"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0b013e3181f24e8d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2014-03-564997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2019000143"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02217.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-018-0374-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Schizocytes : detection, reconnaissance morphologique et automatis\u00e9e, mesure, interpr\u00e9tation","volume":"8","author":"Lesesve JF","year":"2013","journal-title":"Enc Med Chir \u2013 Biol M\u00e9d"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/MY7077989KWDYP88"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2257.2005.00704.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2012.01434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000491626"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12364"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1532\/LH96.06033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-0055"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e138","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.138","article-title":"Comparison between optical microscopy and the Sysmex XN\u20103000 for schistocyte determination in patients suspected of having schistocytosis","volume":"3","author":"Hantaweepant C","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Sci. Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9030808"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12363"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2021.41.1.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12327"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2011.52.5.845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"The automated schistocyte count requires microscopic confirmation","volume":"32","author":"Baiden A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Technol South Africa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2152\/jmi.67.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13042"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","first-page":"222","article-title":"Diagnostic Testing for Differential Diagnosis in Thrombotic Microangiopathies","volume":"36","author":"Zini G","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk J Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfaa195"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12667"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40164-018-0106-9"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Laboratory Hematology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijlh.13682","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/ijlh.13682","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijlh.13682","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,7]],"date-time":"2023-11-07T16:00:13Z","timestamp":1699372813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijlh.13682"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijlh.13682"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijlh.13682","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1751-5521","1751-553X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1751-5521","type":"print"},{"value":"1751-553X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}