{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T22:09:53Z","timestamp":1789769393910,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682985600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Lab Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bone marrow examination (BME) is a reliable and effective tool in the diagnosis of many haematological and non\u2010haematological diseases and may be used to investigate unexplained cytopenia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnoses made, diagnostic yield and unique diagnostic yield of BMEs performed to investigate cytopenias in HIV infected patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cross\u2010sectional descriptive study was performed involving all BMEs performed on HIV\u2010infected adult patients with the main indication of unexplained cytopenia over a period of 5\u2009years and 4\u2009months. Data was extracted from the National Health Laboratory Service's laboratory information system and clinicians' BME request forms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 128 BMEs, performed on 124 patients. The diagnostic yield was 32% and the unique diagnostic yield was 30.5%. The most common diagnosis was pure red cell aplasia (10.9%), followed by immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (7%), iron deficiency anaemia (6.3%), malignancy (4.7%) and disseminated infection (3.9%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BME is a useful investigation for unexplained cytopenia in HIV\u2010infected patients. Less invasive investigations to exclude haematinic deficiencies, haemolysis and sepsis are recommended on an individualised basis prior to BME. In HIV\u2010infected patients with therapy refractory ITP or ITP with atypical clinicopathological findings, BME is strongly recommended. As Mycobacterial and other infections are common in this group of patients, staining and culture of specimens are advised if BME is undertaken.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,2]],"date-time":"2023-05-02T10:33:50Z","timestamp":1683023630000},"page":"553-561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The value of bone marrow examinations performed in the investigation of <scp>HIV<\/scp> infected patients with cytopenias"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Carissa","family":"Chetty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Haematological Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University and National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg Hospital  South 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