{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T16:50:21Z","timestamp":1758991821599,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,4]],"date-time":"2024-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704326400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Lab Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mechanism of relapsed CD19(\u2212) B\u2010ALL after anti\u2010CD19 immunotherapy (Kymriah [CART\u201019] and blinatumomab) is under active investigation. Our study aims to assess LILRB1 as a novel B\u2010cell marker for detecting CD19(\u2212) B\u2010lymphoblasts and to analyze the clinicopathologic\/genetic features of such disease to provide biological insight into relapse.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Six patients (3 males\/3 females, median age of 14\u2009years) with relapsed CD19(\u2212) B\u2010ALL were analyzed for cytogenetic\/genetic profile and immunophenotype.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>CD19(\u2212) B\u2010ALL emerged after an interval of 5.8\u2009months following anti\u2010CD19 therapy. Five of six patients had B\u2010cell aplasia, indicative of a persistent effect of CART or blinatumomab at relapse. Importantly, LILRB1 was variably expressed on CD19(\u2212) and CD19(+) B lymphoblasts, strong on CD34(+) lymphoblasts and dim\/partial on CD34(\u2212) lymphoblasts. Three of six patients with paired B\u2010ALL samples (pre\u2010 and post\u2010anti\u2010CD19 therapy) carried complex and different cytogenetic abnormalities, either as completely different or sharing a subset of cytogenetic abnormalities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>LILRB1 can be used as a novel B\u2010cell marker to identify CD19(\u2212) B lymphoblasts. The emergence of CD19(\u2212) B\u2010ALL appears to be associated with complex cytogenetic evolutions. The mechanism of CD19(\u2212) B\u2010ALL relapse under anti\u2010CD19 immune pressure remains to be explored by comprehensive molecular studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14226","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,5]],"date-time":"2024-01-05T04:14:06Z","timestamp":1704428046000},"page":"503-509","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinicopathologic features of relapsed <scp>CD19<\/scp>(\u2212) <scp>B\u2010ALL<\/scp> in <scp>CD19<\/scp>\u2010targeted immunotherapy: Biological insights into relapse and <scp>LILRB1<\/scp> as a novel B\u2010cell marker for <scp>CD19<\/scp>(\u2212) B lymphoblasts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6661-9410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center  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