{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T15:14:03Z","timestamp":1778253243053,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J Lab Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sickle cell disorders (SCD) are among the commonest symptomatic hemoglobinopathies worldwide. Their diagnosis involves multiple tests, including complete blood count, cation\u2010exchange high\u2010pressure liquid chromatography (CE\u2010HPLC), hemoglobin electrophoresis, sickling tests, and molecular assays. We evaluated the diagnostic utilities of various testing methods for precise classification of SCDs in a specialist hematology laboratory of a tertiary\u2010care teaching hospital.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical, demographic and laboratory data from all SCDs diagnosed between January 2009 and June 2020 using CE\u2010HPLC, slide\u2010based sickling test and cellulose acetate electrophoresis were analyzed. Cases with over 50% S\u2010window peaks on CE\u2010HPLC were considered for HbS and \u03b2\u2010thalassemia mutation testing. Performance indices of CE\u2010HPLC, sickling test and electrophoresis were determined in molecularly\u2010proven SCDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The 261 cases with HbS variant included 56% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009147) sickle cell traits (SCT), 21% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200955) S\u03b2\u2010thalassemia (S\u03b2), 17% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200945) sickle cell anemia (SCA), and 5% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914) HbSD\u2010Punjab (HbSD\n                      <jats:sup>Punjab<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) cases. Molecular analysis of 71 cases revealed that HbA2\u2009\u2265\u20094.0% discriminated most efficiently between SCA and S\u03b2, with 95.2% sensitivity, 96.5% specificity and positive\/negative predictive values of 97.5%\/93.3%. The commonest \u03b2\u2010thalassemia mutation in S\u03b2\u2010thalassemia was\n                      <jats:italic>HBB<\/jats:italic>\n                      :c.92\u2009+\u20095G&gt;C (58.4%). Alkaline pH electrophoresis and sickling test showed 100% sensitivity. A diagnostic pitfall occurred in PCR\u2010RFLP due to loss of DdeI restriction site.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most SCDs encountered in a hospital\u2010setting are reliably characterized by HPLC and hemogram data, supplemented with the sickling test and, where necessary, parental HPLCs. Molecular analysis aids in accurate characterization of complex cases and in resolution of diagnostic discrepancies; however, their own pitfalls must be borne in mind.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.70079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T08:29:54Z","timestamp":1772958594000},"page":"652-657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Utility of First\u2010Line Diagnostic Tests and Molecular Methods for Accurate Characterization of Sickle Cell Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1942-2727","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diksha Dev","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3102-3008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanjeev","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasbir Kaur","family":"Hira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4360-9348","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alka Rani","family":"Khadwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology &amp; Medical Oncology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1198-8491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pankaj","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Hematology &amp; Medical Oncology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1009-7649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepak","family":"Bansal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9071-7651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amita","family":"Trehan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4741-3403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prashant","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8938-5423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reena","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hematology Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(23)00118-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"GeneReviews [Internet]","author":"Bender M. 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