{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:08:11Z","timestamp":1789020491726,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]],"date-time":"2026-06-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Nursing Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gastric retention is a common complication in enteral nutrition, which may lead to interruption of nutrition, malnutrition, electrolyte imbalance and other problems. Up\u2010to\u2010date knowledge of its incidence and influencing factors is crucial for optimal management strategies of enteral nutrition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis to quantify the incidence of retention of gastric contents in patients receiving enteral feeding and to identify significant influencing factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study is a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Data Sources and Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using established methods and searching from database inception to 18 May 2025, we searched CNKI, Wanfang Data, CBM, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library. RevMan 5.4 software was used to perform the meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A meta\u2010analysis of 14 studies involving 2642 patients receiving enteral nutrition reported a 32.0% incidence of gastric retention. Nineteen factors associated with gastric retention were identified. Notably, descriptive analyses indicated that early initiation of enteral nutrition (OR\u2009=\u20090.37) and concomitant use of probiotics (OR\u2009=\u20090.22) were protective against the development of gastric retention.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Findings support clinicians and nurses in more accurately identifying high\u2010risk patients and formulating targeted intervention strategies based on the identified risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T01:05:32Z","timestamp":1782263132000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Incidence and Risk Factors of Gastric Retention Associated With Enteral Nutrition: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3117-4692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi China"},{"name":"Nursing Department Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liping","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine  Jinzhong Shanxi China"},{"name":"Nursing Department Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Tongji Shanxi Hospital  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.960"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/tcrm.S158492"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2364"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2018\u201000161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2021.0199"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000001874"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.2210"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.19621\/j.cnki.11\u20103555\/r.2023.1412"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671\u2010315x.2021.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn115682\u201020201221\u201006792"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112137\u201020221116\u201002407"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn121430\u201020220329\u201000308"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1671\u2010315x.2023.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v13.i29.3909"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11092222"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2023.112269"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3761\/J.ISSN.0524.2023.23.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.13124"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4240\/wjgs.v17.i3.101751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423\u2010016\u20101374\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","volume-title":"Investigation and Intervention Study on the Current Status of Gastroparesis in Patients With Enteral Nutrition via Nasogastric Tube in Neurocritical Care (Master)","author":"Guo B. 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