{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:07:57Z","timestamp":1789020477975,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Nursing Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This paper aims to evaluate the effects of online pelvic floor muscle training on urinary incontinence frequency, symptom severity, quality of life and adherence across defined female life stages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urinary incontinence is a significant public health issue affecting women's physical and mental well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The paper is designed as a systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of randomized controlled trials.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Review Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nine databases were searched for RCTs of online PFMT in women with UI. Outcomes included UI incidence, symptom severity, quality of life and compliance. Data extraction, risk\u2010of\u2010bias (RoB 2) and GRADE assessment were performed. Random\u2010effects meta\u2010analyses used RevMan 5.4.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen studies were included. Online pelvic floor muscle training significantly reduced postpartum urinary incontinence incidence (RR\u2009=\u20090.56; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.82) and symptom severity (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.25; 95% CI: \u22120.45 to \u22120.05), but not in elderly patients (SMD\u2009=\u2009\u22120.12; 95% CI: \u22120.25 to 0.02). Exercise compliance improved in both subgroups. No significant difference was found in quality of life. Moderate\u2010to\u2010high heterogeneity was observed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Online pelvic floor muscle exercise may improve urinary incontinence outcomes across different life stages. In postpartum women, it reduces incontinence incidence, alleviates symptom severity and enhances training compliance, whereas in elderly patients, its benefit is limited to improved compliance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijn.70177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T02:32:44Z","timestamp":1785724364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Rehabilitative Effects of Online Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercises on Female Urinary Incontinence Across Various Life Stages: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0158-330X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"},{"name":"Dongying Technician College  Dongying China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0770-8020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanqiu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihan","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8455-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nursing Yanbian University  Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bju.12852"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SPV.0000000000000670"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905\u2010021\u201001477\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877\u2010021\u201002135\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010021\u201005011\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010021\u201004788\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010023\u201005695\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12114\/j.issn.1007\u20109572.2022.0042"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/spv.0000000000001401"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","first-page":"498","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Prevalence of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Elderly Women","volume":"44","author":"Dan W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Gerontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/12587"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005654.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255\u2010023\u201003864\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010021\u201006585\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ju.0000000000000706"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gupta P. 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