{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:47:43Z","timestamp":1790819263418,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early postnatal antibiotic use has been shown to promote excess weight gain, but it is unclear whether intrauterine exposure to antibiotics is associated with foetal growth and adiposity. The objective of this study was to examine associations of antibiotic prescription in each trimester of pregnancy with foetal size and adipokine levels at birth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In 2128 pregnant women from the pre\u2010birth Project Viva cohort, from electronic medical records, we estimated antibiotic prescribing by timing during pregnancy. Outcomes were sex\u2010specific birth weight\u2010for\u2010gestational\u2010age\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score (BW\/GA\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and levels of umbilical cord leptin and adiponectin. We used linear regression models adjusted for maternal age, pre\u2010pregnancy body mass index, parity, race\/ethnicity, education, smoking during pregnancy, household income and child sex and additionally adjusted cord blood leptin and adiponectin models for gestation length.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 2128 women in our sample, 643 (30.2%) were prescribed with oral antibiotics during pregnancy. Mean (standard deviation) BW\/GA\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 0.17 (0.97), cord blood leptin was 9.0\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (6.6) and cord blood adiponectin was 28.8\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      (6.8). Overall, antibiotic prescription in pregnancy was associated with lower BW\/GA\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      [multivariable adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22120.11; 95% confidence interval {CI} \u22120.20, \u22120.01]. In trimester\u2010specific analyses, only second trimester antibiotic prescription was associated with lower BW\/GA\u2010\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u22120.23; 95% CI \u22120.37, \u22120.08). Overall, antibiotic prescription in pregnancy was not associated with cord blood leptin or adiponectin levels. However, in trimester\u2010specific analyses, third trimester antibiotic prescription was associated with higher cord blood leptin (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      2.28\u2009ng\u2009mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; 95% CI 0.38, 4.17).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibiotics in mid\u2010pregnancy were associated with lower birth weight for gestational age, whereas third trimester antibiotics were associated with higher cord blood leptin.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T03:50:47Z","timestamp":1457322647000},"page":"129-136","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association of prenatal antibiotics with foetal size and cord blood leptin and adiponectin"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"N. T.","family":"Mueller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore MD USA"},{"name":"Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research Johns Hopkins University  Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. L.","family":"Rifas\u2010Shiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. J.","family":"Blaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine New York University Langone Medical Center  New York NY USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology New York University Langone Medical Center  New York NY USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. W.","family":"Gillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health  Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010F.","family":"Hivert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Diabetes Unit Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston MA USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Universite de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.02.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002250.pub3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5414\/CPP44057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001631"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008599."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-005-0020-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/01.PDR.0000153869.96337.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/molehr\/gav003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-3407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2015.218."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01750.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(98)00138-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2013.47"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Mass antimicrobial treatment in pregnancy. 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