{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:24:59Z","timestamp":1792099499381,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]],"date-time":"2017-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513900800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003524","name":"Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003524","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prevalence of childhood obesity is high in developed countries, and there is a growing concern regarding increasing socio\u2010economic disparities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess trends in the prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity among New Zealand 4\u2010year olds, and whether these differ by socio\u2010economic and ethnic groupings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A national screening programme, the B4 School Check, collected height and weight data for 75\u201392% of New Zealand 4\u2010year\u2010old children (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0317 298) between July 2010 and June 2016. Children at, or above, the 85th, 95th and 99.7th percentile for age and sex adjusted body mass index (according to World Health Organization standards) were classified as overweight, obese and extremely obese, respectively. Prevalence rates across 6\u00a0years (2010\/11 to 2015\/16) were examined by sex, across quintiles of socio\u2010economic deprivation, and by ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity decreased by 2.2 [95% CI, 1.8\u20132.5], 2.0 [1.8\u20132.2] and 0.6 [0.4\u20130.6] percentage points, respectively, between 2010\/2011 and 2015\/2016. The downward trends in overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in the population persisted after adjustment for sex, ethnicity, deprivation and urban\/rural residence. Downward trends were also observed across sex, ethnicity and deprivation groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of obesity appears to be declining in 4\u2010year\u2010old children in New Zealand across all socio\u2010economic and ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,23]],"date-time":"2017-12-23T17:18:19Z","timestamp":1514049499000},"page":"766-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4\u2010year\u2010old children in 2010\u20132016"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"N.","family":"Shackleton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. J.","family":"Milne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Audas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. G. B.","family":"Derraik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Liggins Institute University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Women's and Children's Health Uppsala University  Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. W.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M. B.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Centre for Longitudinal Research\u2013He Ara ki Mua The University of Auckland  New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Population Health The University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Glover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"School of Public Health, College of Health Massey University  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. S.","family":"Cutfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Liggins Institute University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A Better Start \u2013 National Science Challenge University of Auckland  Auckland New Zealand"},{"name":"Dunedin School of Medicine University of Otago  Dunedin New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32380-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61746-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","volume-title":"Consideration of the Evidence on Childhood Obesity for the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity: Report of the Ad Hoc Working Group on Science and Evidence for Ending Childhood Obesity","author":"WHO","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-1833"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","volume-title":"National Child Measurement Programme, England 2015 to 2016 school year","author":"NHS Digital","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2011.64"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2017.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12078"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Child obesity international comparisons data factsheet. 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