{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:42:38Z","timestamp":1788223358024,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000041","name":"American Diabetes Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Clinical Research Award"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Clinical Research Award"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21 DK103171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21 DK103171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UCSF\u2010CTSI UL1 RR024131"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UCSF\u2010CTSI UL1 RR024131"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HD050625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HD050625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breastfeeding (BF) may protect against obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children exposed to maternal diabetes in utero, but its effects on infant growth among this high\u2010risk group have rarely been evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate BF intensity and duration in relation to infant growth from birth through 12\u00a0months among offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prospective cohort of 464 GDM mother\u2010infant dyads (28% White, 36% Hispanic, 26% Asian, 8% Black, 2% other). Weight and length measured at birth, 6\u20139\u00a0weeks, 6\u00a0months and 12\u00a0months. Categorized as intensive BF or formula feeding (FF) groups at 6\u20139\u00a0weeks (study baseline), and intensity from birth through 12\u00a0months as Group 1: consistent exclusive\/mostly FF, Group 2: transition from BF to FF within 3\u20139\u00a0months and Group 3: consistent exclusive\/mostly BF. Multivariable mixed linear regression models estimated adjusted mean (95% confidence interval) change in\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010scores; weight\u2010for\u2010length (WLZ), weight\u2010for\u2010age and length\u2010for\u2010age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Compared with intensive BF at 6\u20139\u00a0weeks, FF showed greater increases in WLZ\u2010scores from 6 to 9\u00a0weeks to 6\u00a0months [+0.38 (0.13 to 0.62) vs. +0.02 (\u22120.15 to 0.19);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02] and birth to 12\u00a0months [+1.11 (0.87 to 1.34) vs. +0.53 (0.37 to 0.69);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001]. For 12\u2010month intensity and duration, Groups 2 and 3 had smaller WLZ\u2010score increases than Group 1 from 6 to 9\u00a0weeks to 6\u00a0months [\u22120.05 (\u22120.27 to 0.18) and +0.07 (\u22120.19 to 0.23) vs. +0.40 (0.15 to 0.64);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.01 and 0.07], and birth to 12\u00a0months [+0.60 (0.39 to 0.82) and +0.59 (0.33 to 0.85) vs. +0.97 (0.75 to 1.19);\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among offspring of mothers with GDM, high intensity BF from birth through 1\u00a0year is associated with slower infant ponderal growth and lower weight gain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,24]],"date-time":"2018-04-24T22:15:49Z","timestamp":1524608149000},"page":"492-504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Breastfeeding and growth during infancy among offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2039-1964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E. 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