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One trial consisted of predominantly or exclusively breastfed (BF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 97) infants, whereas the other consisted of exclusively formula\u2010fed (FF, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 113) infants. Weight\u2010for\u2010length z\u2010score (WLZ) change from 0.5 to 4.5\u2009months was used to categorize early weight gain as slow (&lt;\u22120.67; SWG), normal (\u22120.67 to 0.67; NWG) or rapid (&gt;0.67; RWG). Linear\u2010mixed effects models were fit to examine the independent effects and interaction of early diet (BF, FF) and weight gain (SWG, NWG, RWG) groups on WLZ trajectories; logistic regression was used to assess odds for overweight at 1\u2009year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>While similar percentages (41%) of BF and FF infants experienced RWG, we found a significant diet\u2009\u00d7\u2009early weight gain group interaction (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001) on weight status. At 1\u2009year, the WLZ of FF infants with RWG (1.57\u2009\u00b1\u20090.99) was twice that of BF infants with RWG (0.83\u2009\u00b1\u20090.92). Using BF infants with NWG as the reference group, FF infants with RWG had increased odds [OR: 25.3 (95% CI: 3.21, 199.7)] for overweight at 1\u2009year, whereas BF infants with RWG did not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Early diet interacts with early weight gain and influences weight status trajectories and overweight risk at 1\u2009year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,24]],"date-time":"2020-07-24T06:49:42Z","timestamp":1595573382000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Impact of early rapid weight gain on odds for overweight at one year differs between breastfed and formula\u2010fed infants"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5411-5204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian 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Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8855-0204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie A.","family":"Mennella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Monell Chemical Senses Center  Philadelphia Pennsylvania 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