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Executive control, a set of higher\u2010order cognitive abilities for directing attention and behaviour, has been identified as a malleable factor potentially related to weight outcomes in youth. However, the directionality of this relationship remains unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined reciprocal associations between three executive control components\u2014inhibitory control, working memory and flexible shifting\u2014and BMI (body mass index) percentile during childhood.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>At four points throughout elementary school, a community sample (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0294) completed executive control tasks and had their height and weight objectively measured. Controlling for sex and socioeconomic risk status, random intercept cross\u2010lagged panel models were tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Better inhibitory control performance predicted lower subsequent BMI at each timepoint, and better working memory and flexible shifting performance in grade three both predicted lower subsequent BMI in grade 4. However, BMI did not predict subsequent executive control performance at any timepoint.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Executive control abilities, including automatic response modulation, being able to hold and manipulate mental information, and being able to make flexible mental transitions, may be protective against weight problems, particularly in middle childhood when these abilities have had more time to mature and children begin to gain more independence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T08:29:45Z","timestamp":1635841785000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Longitudinal associations between executive control and body mass index across childhood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"17","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0641-3319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cara C.","family":"Tomaso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiffany","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Research and Economic Development University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Office of Research and Economic Development University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberly A.","family":"Espy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Long School of Medicine  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Nebraska\u2010Lincoln  Lincoln Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015\u20132016. 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