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Participants were aged 2.0\u20139.9 and 5.0\u20137.5\u2009years at baseline, respectively, and were followed until age 18\u2009years. Behavioural risk factors of interest included diet, physical activity, media use and sleep. Mixed effects models were used for statistical analyses to account for repeated measurements taken from the same child.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included a total of 14\u2009328 individuals: 4114, 4582, 3220 and 2412 participants from Northern, Southern, Eastern Europe and Amsterdam, respectively. Risk factor means and prevalences changed with age, but the trajectories were mostly similar across regions. Almost no associations between behavioural factors and BMI were found at the age of 6\u2009years. At 11\u2009years, daily sugar\u2010sweetened foods consumption, use of active transport, sports club membership and longer nocturnal sleep duration were negatively associated with BMI in most regions; positive associations were found with media use. Most associations at 11\u2009years of age persisted to 15\u2009years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whilst population trajectories of media use and nocturnal sleep duration are similar across European regions, those of other behavioural risk factors like active transport and daily vegetable consumption differ. Also, associations between behavioural risk factors and BMI become stronger with age and show similar patterns across regions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.13088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,26]],"date-time":"2023-12-26T07:31:11Z","timestamp":1703575871000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Population trajectories and age\u2010dependent associations of obesity risk factors with <scp>body mass index<\/scp> from childhood to adolescence across European regions: A two\u2010cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6602-1977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton","family":"Schreuder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"B\u00f6rnhorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4943-2141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maike","family":"Wolters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toomas","family":"Veidebaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Health Development, Estonian Centre of Behavioral and Health Sciences  Tallinn Estonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Tornaritis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Education Institute of Child Health  Strovolos Cyprus"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elida","family":"Sina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Russo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council  Avellino Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-653X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis A.","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Arag\u00f3n (IA2), Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria Arag\u00f3n (IIS Arag\u00f3n)  Zaragoza Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n (CIBERObn)  Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Denes","family":"Molnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical School, University of P\u00e9cs  P\u00e9cs Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8296-2849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lauren","family":"Lissner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg  Gothenburg Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefaan","family":"De Henauw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Ahrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology \u2013 BIPS  Bremen Germany"},{"name":"Institute of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science University of Bremen  Bremen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3641-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Vrijkotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"GrowH! 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