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Those in the higher tercile of UPF consumption at both follow\u2010ups were the \u2018always\u2010high consumers\u2019. Air\u2010displacement plethysmography provided fat mass (FM\u2010kg), fat\u2010free mass (FFM\u2010kg), %FM, %FFM, FM index (FMI\u2010kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) and FFM index (FFMI\u2010kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Logistic regression and linear regression were used to estimate, respectively, odds ratios and beta coefficients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Amongst 1584 participants, almost one in every seven were always\u2010high consumers. In crude analyses, there was no association between variation in UPF consumption and EW, and body fat parameters were lower in the always\u2010high consumer group than amongst the always\u2010low consumers, in both sexes. With adjustment for confounders, the odds ratio for EW was higher in the always\u2010high consumer than amongst the always\u2010low consumer group, and the direction of the associations with FM parameters was reversed: males from the always\u2010high consumer group presented almost twice as high FM (10.5 vs. 18.6\u2009kg; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and twice as high FMI (3.4 vs. 6.3\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than the always\u2010low consumer group, and females from the always\u2010high consumer group presented on average 32% more FM and FMI than the always\u2010low consumer group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In crude and adjusted analyses there was a strong association between high UPF consumption from childhood to adolescence, EW and higher body fat parameters at 15\u2009years, but its deleterious association with body adiposity was only uncovered after adjusting for confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.13104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T01:14:15Z","timestamp":1706750055000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Variation in ultra\u2010processed food consumption from 6 to 15\u2009years, body weight and body composition at 15\u2009years of age at <scp>The Pelotas<\/scp> 2004 <scp>Birth Cohort<\/scp>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1258-9249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00e1 S.","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8739-8669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel O.","family":"Bierhals","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3522-1546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline S.","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0060-1589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alicia","family":"Matijasevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo  S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8732-6059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciana","family":"Tovo\u2010Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduate Program in Epidemiology Federal University of Pelotas  Pelotas Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1013","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"2627","article-title":"Worldwide trends in body\u2010mass index, underweight, overweight, and obesity from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2416 population\u2010based measurement studies in 128.9 million children, adolescents, and adults","volume":"390","author":"NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD\u2010RisC)","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1980-0037.2021v23e80352"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980021001464"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/84.2.289"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-8910.2013047004968"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980017000234"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980018003762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-02873-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat\u00edstica (IBGE).Panorama. 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