{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T14:58:35Z","timestamp":1788361115114,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002324","name":"Department of Education, Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002324","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT1151572"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT1151572"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNT2002234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNT2002234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012737","name":"Department of Health, State Government of Victoria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012737","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019) pandemic, the Australian state of Victoria (in particular, its capital, Melbourne) experienced some of the longest lockdowns in the world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This repeated cross\u2010sectional study examined changes between March to June 2019 (pre\u2010pandemic) and April to August 2022 (6 to 11\u2009months following pandemic\u2010related lockdowns) in overweight and obesity prevalence, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, sleep, diet quality, and health\u2010related quality of life (HRQoL) among primary school children in north\u2010east Victoria, Australia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Height and weight were measured for Grade 2, 4, and 6 students in 2019 (3889 children) and 2022 (1816 children). Grade 4 and 6 students self\u2010reported on their movement behaviours, diet quality, and HRQoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participation declined among schools (2019:56%, 2022:34%) and students (2019:87%, 2022:75%). Compared to children in 2019, children in 2022 had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity; were less likely to have met guidelines for moderate\u2010to\u2010vigorous physical activity, recreational screen time, and vegetable consumption; had higher intakes of takeaway food, energy\u2010dense nutrient\u2010poor snacks, and sugar\u2010sweetened beverages; and had lower HRQoL.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children's health\u2010related behaviours and outcomes seemed not to have returned to pre\u2010pandemic levels 6 to 11\u2009months after the final lockdowns lifted for their communities. Continued monitoring and interventions targeting the drivers of childhood obesity are urgently needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.13195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T03:55:03Z","timestamp":1734580503000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019\u2010related lockdowns and changes in overweight and obesity, movement behaviours, diet quality, and health\u2010related quality of life among regional Australian primary school children: A repeat cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5912-9720","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Strugnell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"},{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5240-4320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cadeyrn J.","family":"Gaskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0547-7740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denise","family":"Becker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3736-4337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liliana","family":"Orellana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4440-4798","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1480-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Hillenaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9434-109X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jillian","family":"Whelan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6385-3225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2891-9476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vicki","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deakin Health Economics, Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2731-9858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Colin","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8484-9930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josh","family":"Hayward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4500-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lena D.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayley","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izzy","family":"Gribben","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Coller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Tatlock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9328-6268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Practice, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine Monash University  Melbourne Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4842-3294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Allender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Centre for Preventative Health and Nutrition (GLOBE), Institute for Health Transformation Deakin University  Geelong Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5840"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.691659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmaa122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13550"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.23662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1275917"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102021\u2010007190"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010022\u201000515\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966\u2010023\u201001542\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.4116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12731"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18052583"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201078438\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966\u2010022\u201001290\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40798\u2010024\u201000687\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0021932024000142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","volume-title":"National Child Measurement Programme","author":"NHS England","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201016021\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0289344"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25646\/11874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","unstructured":"RMIT ABC Fact Check.Josh Frydenberg says Melbourne is the world's most locked down city. Is that correct? ABC.2021. Available from:https:\/\/www.abc.net.au\/news\/2021-10-25\/fact-check-is-melbourne-most-locked-down-city\/100560172"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","unstructured":"Department of Health.Media releases.2022updated September 9. Available from:https:\/\/www.health.vic.gov.au\/media-centre\/media-releases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","unstructured":"Premier of Victoria.Premier of Victoria: News and Updates from Dan Andrews and his Team.2022updated September 9. Available from:https:\/\/www.premier.vic.gov.au\/"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"Premier of Victoria.Extended Melbourne Lockdown to Keep Victorians Safe.2021Available from:https:\/\/www.premier.vic.gov.au\/extended-melbourne-lockdown-keep-victorians-safe-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102021\u2010057187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-8763-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","volume-title":"2016 Census \u2010 Counting Persons, Place of Usual Residence (Mesh Block)\u2014Local Government Area (Usual Residence) by Age [Data Cube]","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","volume-title":"What Does the ICSEA Value Mean?","author":"Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","volume-title":"My School Sydney","author":"Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","volume-title":"Remoteness Structure [Australian Statistical Geography Standard (ASGS) Edition 3 (Jul2021\u2010Jun2026)]","author":"Australian Bureau of Statistics","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.07.043497"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","volume-title":"Core Indicators and Measures of Youth Health Physical Activity & Sedentary Behaviour Module: Indicators and Questions to Use with Youth Respondents and\/or School Setting Assessments. St. John's","author":"Card A","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","volume-title":"Australian 24\u2010Hour Movement Guidelines for Children (5\u201312\u2009Years) and Young People (13\u201317\u2009Years) \u2013 an Integration of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour and Sleep","author":"Department of Health","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1479\u20105868\u20105\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneb.2016.03.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","volume-title":"Australian Dietary Guidelines","author":"National Health and Medical Research Council","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200108000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1367\/1539-4409(2003)003<0329:TPAAPP>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107525\u20105\u20101"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","first-page":"560","article-title":"Regulating obesity in Australia: current frameworks, reflections upon the impact of COVID\u201019 and future reform","volume":"29","author":"Blake M","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Law Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)32129\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.841178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11182851"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1547\u20105069.2003.00283.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468\u20102667(21)00079\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020417"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","volume-title":"National children's Mental Health and Wellbeing Strategy","author":"National Mental Health Commission","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijpo.13195","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T01:41:33Z","timestamp":1736386893000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijpo.13195"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijpo.13195"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijpo.13195","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-6302","2047-6310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-6302","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-6310","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-05","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-11-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-12-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e13195"}}