{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T04:59:18Z","timestamp":1768453158892,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]],"date-time":"2025-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754352000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201011\u2010EQPX\u20100038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201011\u2010EQPX\u20100038"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201019\u2010COHO\u20100001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201019\u2010COHO\u20100001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR\u201019\u2010CE36\u20100006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR\u201019\u2010CE36\u20100006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003092","name":"Diabetes Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024.28.001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024.28.001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003092","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>In high\u2010income countries, children born to parents with low socio\u2010economic position (SEP) or with non\u2010Western ethnicity are disproportionally affected by obesity as early as preschool age. We assessed how much of these associations were mediated by parental lifestyle and BMI patterns during pregnancy. We characterised 5\u20136\u2009years old children with or without overweight from the French Etude Longitudinale Fran\u00e7aise depuis l'Enfance (ELFE) (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20098584) and the Dutch Generation R birth cohorts (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096511). We used counterfactual mediation analyses to assess the potential mediating effect of previously identified lifestyle patterns: \u201chigh parental smoking, poor\u2010quality maternal diet and sedentary behaviour\u201d and \u201chigh parental body mass index and low gestational weight gain\u201d. Both patterns jointly mediated 62.8% of the association between parents' education level and childhood overweight in ELFE and 23.2% in Generation R. In Generation R, they jointly mediated 8.9% of the association between parents' geographic origin and childhood overweight. In ELFE, parents with non\u2010Western backgrounds were less likely to follow the first pattern, resulting in a negative indirect effect. Parental lifestyle and BMI patterns during pregnancy seem key contributors to the early development of socio\u2010economic inequalities in childhood overweight, while other yet unidentified factors may contribute to inequalities related to geographic origin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.70047","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T03:14:08Z","timestamp":1754450048000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Association Between Parental Social Position and Childhood Overweight: Mediation by Lifestyle and <scp>BMI<\/scp> Patterns During Pregnancy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5135-2392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camille","family":"Le Gal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mireille C.","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sophia's Children's Hospital Erasmus MC, University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6915-533X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Lecorguill\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4361-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Pavicic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thierry","family":"Simeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ums INED\u2010INSERM\u2010EFS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Aline","family":"Charles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ums INED\u2010INSERM\u2010EFS  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Romy","family":"Gaillard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Sophia's Children's Hospital Erasmus MC, University Medical Center  Rotterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Lioret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Heude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9 and Universit\u00e9 Sorbonne Paris Nord  Paris France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(23)02750\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","volume-title":"World Obesity Day Atlases | Obesity Atlas 2024","author":"World Obesity Federation Global Obesity Observatory","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2019.2430"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2007.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010018\u20100180\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","unstructured":"H. H. P.Kluge \u201cWHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022 \u201d2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2008.00475.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41366\u2010019\u20100387\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2010.00839.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201048431\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2009.095380"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","volume-title":"Report of the Commission on Ending Childhood Obesity","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2015.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(18)30311\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679\u2010015\u20100168\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966\u2010024\u201001697\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1166981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/epirev\/mxm001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyz227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010016\u20100224\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010021\u201000733\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654\u2010020\u201000662\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","first-page":"224","volume-title":"The Role of Conceptual Frameworks in Epidemiological Analysis: A Hierarchical Approach","author":"Victora C. G.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1467-789x.2001.00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","unstructured":"J.Barnard \u201cSmall\u2010Sample Degrees of Freedom With Multiple Imputation\u201d."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12134\u2010014\u20100340\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.13140"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010018\u20105379\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102458\u201014\u2010844"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.22.2879"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Litt\u00e9ratie en sant\u00e9 : rapport de l\u2019\u00e9tude Health Literacy Survey France 2020\u20102021. Saint\u2010Maurice : Sant\u00e9 publique France","author":"Touzani R.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)30569\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010017\u20105014\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmph.2022.101039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010024\u201003402\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201015879\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050978"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010022\u201009987\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000511927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12547"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010publhealth\u2010032315\u2010021402"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569\u2010023\u201000941\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13524"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467\u2010789X.2011.00965.x"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/ijpo.70047","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T03:42:23Z","timestamp":1759808543000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/ijpo.70047"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/ijpo.70047"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijpo.70047","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2047-6302","2047-6310"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2047-6302","type":"print"},{"value":"2047-6310","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-23","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70047"}}