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GDM and puberty status were self\u2010reported. BMI was calculated yearly, and MRI assessed brain structure biennially. Mixed\u2010effects models analysed trajectories of BMI and brain structural measures between groups controlling for sociodemographic covariates, and linear spline was defined with a knot at the onset of puberty.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was an interaction of exposure by age in change in BMI [\u03b2 (95% CI)\u2009=\u20090.032 (0.008, 0.056),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009] and mean cortical thickness [\u03b2 (95% CI)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.038 (\u22120.071, \u22120.004),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.027]. The former was driven by greater pre\u2010pubertal increases in BMI [\u03b2 (95% CI)\u2009=\u20090.051 (0.002, 0.100),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043], whereas the latter was driven by faster post\u2010pubertal declines in cortical thickness among GDM\u2010exposed offspring [\u03b2 (95% CI)\u2009=\u2009\u22120.051 (\u22120.095, \u22120.007),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.046].\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal GDM exposure is associated with greater pre\u2010pubertal increases in BMI and faster post\u2010pubertal cortical thinning in youth aged between 9 and 15.<\/jats:p>\n                  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