{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:50:39Z","timestamp":1773017439200,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK076648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK076648"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3OD023248"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3OD023248"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While inflammation is a normal physiological process of pregnancy, exposure to excess inflammation in utero may have unfavourable consequences for the offspring's health. This analysis investigated associations of prenatal inflammation with offspring adiposity in early childhood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 555 mother\u2013offspring pairs in the Healthy Start Study, we measured three inflammation biomarkers\u2014C\u2010reactive protein, interleukin\u20106 and tumour necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1\u2014at ~28 gestational weeks. We internally standardised each biomarker and took its average as an indicator of overall exposure to prenatal inflammation. When offspring were 4\u20136\u2009years old, we measured weight and height for body mass index (BMI)\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score calculation; waist circumference; and % fat mass (%FM) using air displacement plethysmography. In the analysis, we used linear regression to examine associations of the prenatal inflammation\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score with offspring outcomes. As an exploratory analysis, we conducted stratified analysis by maternal race\/ethnicity, which is known to modify associations in maternal\u2013child health studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After adjusting for offspring age and sex, each increment in the prenatal inflammation z\u2010score corresponded with 0.31 (95% CI: 0.14, 0.48) higher BMI\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score, 1.43 (0.61, 2.25) cm higher waist circumference and 1.47 (0.43, 2.51) higher %FM in offspring. Further adjustment for maternal pre\u2010pregnancy BMI attenuated estimates to the null for BMI\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score and waist circumference, but less for %FM (0.77 [\u22120.39, 1.94];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.19). These associations were driven by Hispanic mother\u2013offspring pairs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prenatal inflammation may predispose offspring to greater adiposity during early childhood. This association is partially explained by maternal BMI and driven by participants of Hispanic ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NCT #002273297<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.70088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T04:42:38Z","timestamp":1770007358000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Associations of Maternal Prenatal Inflammation With Child Adiposity: The Healthy Start Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1907-9349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makayla","family":"Moran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satvinder K.","family":"Dhaliwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Dabelea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Perng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Aurora Colorado USA"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus  Colorado 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