{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T23:41:44Z","timestamp":1790034104882,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]],"date-time":"2026-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01DK075861"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01DK075861"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K02HL1120242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K02HL1120242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ultra\u2010processed foods (UPFs) are linked to obesity and cognitive decline, but evidence on their association with executive function (EF) in children is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the UPFs\u2010EF relationship in parent\u2013child dyads with obesity seeking treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Secondary analysis of the FRESH trial (NCT01197443) conducted at the University of California, San Diego. A total of 141 Parent\u2013child dyads; parent age\u2009=\u200943\u2009years (6.6), BMI\u2009=\u200932 (6.4); child age\u2009=\u20099.9\u2009years (1.3), BMIz\u2009=\u20092.0 (0.3); 31% Hispanic, 44% White, 25% other completed anthropometric, digit span backward (DSB), stop signal task (SST) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), and dietary assessments. Linear regression models evaluated UPFs\u2010EF associations, controlling for covariates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Parent\u2013child associations were observed for energy\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.15,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.024; total UPFs\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.20,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018; savoury snacks\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.28,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018; ultra\u2010processed (UP) meat,\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001; and sweetened beverages\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023. Most UPFs\u2010EF associations were null. In children, UP meat predicted lower DSB scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.104, 95% CI [\u22120.197, \u22120.013],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.013), and in parents, sweetened beverages predicted failed SST (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.606, 95% CI [0.018, 1.210],\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.044).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were a few associations between UPFs intake and EF; however, most were nonsignificant. Future research should involve community samples and children across the weight spectrum.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.70143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T04:10:57Z","timestamp":1786939857000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations of Ultra\u2010Processed Foods and Executive Function in Children With Obesity and Their Parents: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6129-6528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Rivera\u2010I\u00f1iguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5383-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David R.","family":"Strong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5816-5869","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyung E.","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5619-2177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dawn M.","family":"Eichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9573-4765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerri N.","family":"Boutelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science University of California San Diego  San Diego California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego  San\u00a0Diego California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Health E\u2010Stat 112 Prevalence of Overweight, Obesity, and Severe Obesity Among Children and Adolescents Ages 2\u201319\u2009Years: United States, 1963\u20131965 Through August 2021\u2013August 2023","author":"Noiman A.","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Balasundaram P.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2249\u20104863.154628"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114523003033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2022.0200"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj\u20102023\u2010077310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.13037"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev\u2010psych\u2010113011\u2010143750"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2021.113540"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz257"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.107081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2022.111691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2023.106569"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12614"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2019.110609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2025.1590083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000209432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.4397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516002877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1272126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2022.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2024.1607658"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","unstructured":"C. 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