{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T06:58:31Z","timestamp":1790319511427,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Obesity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The early vascular impact of metabolic dysfunction\u2010associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains unclear. This study examined associations of steatosis in childhood and young adulthood with cardiovascular risk in adulthood.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with severe obesity were investigated for MASLD and cardiovascular risk, with 10\u2010year follow\u2010up. Hepatic steatosis was measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and cardiovascular risk by ultrasound carotid intima\u2010media thickness (cIMT). Participants were categorised into four trajectory groups based on presence of steatosis in childhood and\/or adulthood: \u2018absent\u2019, \u2018diminishing\u2019, \u2018adult\u2010onset\u2019 and \u2018persistent\u2019. Associations between steatosis (presence and change over time) and cIMT, and between childhood metabolic factors and cIMT progression, were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 52 participants, 46% had steatosis in childhood (\u2018diminishing\u2019 or \u2018persistent\u2019), and 46% in adulthood (\u2018adult\u2010onset\u2019 or \u2018persistent\u2019). Childhood steatosis was not associated with cIMT in adulthood, whereas adulthood steatosis was independently associated with increased cIMT (mean difference 0.035\u2009mm, 95% CI: 0.010\u20130.060\u2009mm;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010adjusted\u2009=\u20090.008). Mean cIMT at follow\u2010up increased progressively across steatosis trajectory groups; (adjusted\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010for\u2010trend\u2009=\u20090.003). Childhood steatosis was the only metabolic factor associated with cIMT progression (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatic steatosis in young adulthood is independently associated with increased cardiovascular risk, and childhood steatosis relates to cIMT progression, supporting early MASLD detection and prevention.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:boxed-text content-type=\"graphic\" position=\"anchor\">\n                        <jats:graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" mimetype=\"image\/png\" position=\"anchor\" specific-use=\"enlarged-web-image\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ijpo70148-gra-0001-m.png\">\n                          <jats:alt-text>image<\/jats:alt-text>\n                        <\/jats:graphic>\n                      <\/jats:boxed-text>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.70148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:21:27Z","timestamp":1788351687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Hepatic Steatosis and Cardiovascular Risk in Obesity: A 10\u2010Year Follow\u2010Up Study From Childhood Into Young Adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0214-988X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Sophie R.","family":"Stroes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D. Meeike","family":"Kusters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Draijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneloes E.","family":"Bohte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centres  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5477-973X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aart J.","family":"Nederveen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centres  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1230-9083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"de Groot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Data Science Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Imagelabonline and Cardiovascular  Diepenheim the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9406-9188","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marc A.","family":"Benninga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriaan G.","family":"Holleboom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism Research Institute  Amsterdam the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Vascular Medicine Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4350-3084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bart G. 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