{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:20:41Z","timestamp":1791822041143,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J Pharm Pract"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]],"date-time":"2016-09-28T06:45:18Z","timestamp":1475045118000},"page":"59-65","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Exploring the reasons why pharmacists dispense antibiotics without prescriptions in Khartoum state, Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Anas M.A.","family":"Salim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Pharmacy; University of Khartoum; Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Elgizoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hikma Pharmaceuticals; Khartoum Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0001|ijpp12317-cit-0001","unstructured":"WHO WHO medicines strategy: framework for action in essential drugs and medicines policy 2000-2003 2000 Geneva WHO"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0002|ijpp12317-cit-0002","unstructured":"WHO The Rational Use of Drugs: Report of a conference of experts, Nairobi Geneva 1998"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0003|ijpp12317-cit-0003","volume-title":"Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. WHO policy perspective on medicines","author":"WHO","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0004|ijpp12317-cit-0004","first-page":"12","article-title":"Developing Standard Treatment Guidelines in Malawi","volume":"19","author":"Graaf","year":"1995","journal-title":"Essential Drug Monitoring"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0005|ijpp12317-cit-0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-006-0107-1","article-title":"Self-medication practices in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"64","author":"Awad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J ClinPharmacol"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0006|ijpp12317-cit-0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1086\/524891","article-title":"The epidemic of antibiotic- resistant infections: a call to action for the medical community from the Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"46","author":"Spellberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0007|ijpp12317-cit-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.04.001","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance-the problem intensifies","volume":"57","author":"Levy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0008|ijpp12317-cit-0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S129","DOI":"10.1086\/519256","article-title":"Optimizing drug exposure to minimize selection of antibiotic resistance","volume":"45","author":"Olofsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0009|ijpp12317-cit-0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(13)70030-6","article-title":"Drug-resistant tuberculosis: time for visionary political leadership","volume":"13","author":"Abubakar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0010|ijpp12317-cit-0010","first-page":"446","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant intestinal staphylococcus among self-medicated healthy adults in Amassoma, South-South Nigeria","volume":"29","author":"Onanuga","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Health PopulNutr"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0011|ijpp12317-cit-0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.12.0395","article-title":"Prescribed and self-medication use increase delays in diagnosis of tuberculosis in the country of Georgia","volume":"17","author":"Rabin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Tuberc Lung Dis"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0012|ijpp12317-cit-0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-500X.107687","article-title":"A study of non-prescription usage of antibiotics in the upper respiratory tract infection in the urban population","volume":"4","author":"Bhanwra","year":"2013","journal-title":"J PharmacolPharmacother"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0013|ijpp12317-cit-0013","volume-title":"How to investigate drug use in health facilities: selected drug use indicators","author":"WHO","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0014|ijpp12317-cit-0014","volume-title":"Human Development Report","author":"United Nation Development Fund","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0015|ijpp12317-cit-0015","volume-title":"Evaluation of the Nile province essential drug project","author":"Bannenberg","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0016|ijpp12317-cit-0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92760-Q","article-title":"Field-tests in rational drug use in twelve developing countries","volume":"342","author":"Hogerzeil","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0017|ijpp12317-cit-0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4103\/1947-2714.92899","article-title":"Medicine Vendors: Self-medication Practices and Medicine Knowledge","volume":"4","author":"Auta","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0018|ijpp12317-cit-0018","first-page":"21","article-title":"Investigation of drug use in health centers in Khartoum State","volume":"37","author":"Abdelmoneim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sudan Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0019|ijpp12317-cit-0019","unstructured":"Ali GK Management of revolving drug fund: experience of Khartoum State Sudan. London University of Bradford 2000"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0020|ijpp12317-cit-0020","first-page":"63","article-title":"Prescribing Patterns in Health Centers in Khartoum State","volume":"34","author":"Eltayeb","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sudan Medical Journal"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0021|ijpp12317-cit-0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2004.014001","article-title":"Changing of the prescribing patterns of sexually transmitted infections in the White Nile Region of Sudan","volume":"81","author":"Eltayeb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0022|ijpp12317-cit-0022","unstructured":"Abdelhamid E Implementation and evaluation of pharmaceutical care services in Sudanese asthmatic patients Khartoum University of Khartoum 2004"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0023|ijpp12317-cit-0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.97175","article-title":"Self-medication practices among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care medical college, West Bangal","volume":"58","author":"Banaerjee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0024|ijpp12317-cit-0024","first-page":"16","article-title":"Prescription errors in Khartoum Pediatric Hospitals","volume":"13","author":"Shadia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Khartoum Pharm J"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0025|ijpp12317-cit-0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92244-N","article-title":"Effect of clinical guidelines on medical practice: a systematic review of rigorous evaluation","volume":"342","author":"Grimshaw","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0026|ijpp12317-cit-0026","volume-title":"How to investigate the use of medicines by consumers. WHO\/EDEM\/PAR\/2004.2","author":"Hardon","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0027|ijpp12317-cit-0027","first-page":"826","article-title":"Self-medication with antibiotics and antimalarials in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"8","author":"Awad","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pharm PharmSci"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0028|ijpp12317-cit-0028","first-page":"678","article-title":"Patterns of self-medication with antibiotics in Khartoum State, Sudan","volume":"3","author":"Elhada","year":"2014","journal-title":"WJPR"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0029|ijpp12317-cit-0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.26719\/2002.8.2-3.422","article-title":"In-home drug storage and utilization habits: A Sudanese Study","volume":"8","author":"Yousif","year":"2002","journal-title":"East. Mediterr. health j"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0030|ijpp12317-cit-0030","volume-title":"Research Methods in Health: investigating Health and Health Services","author":"Bowling","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0031|ijpp12317-cit-0031","first-page":"64","article-title":"Self-medication amongst general outpatients in a Nigerian community hospital","volume":"5","author":"Omolase","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Ib Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0032|ijpp12317-cit-0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3122\/jabfm.2008.02.070149","article-title":"Factors affecting Latino adults\u2019 use of antibiotics for self-medication","volume":"21","author":"Mainous","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Board Fam Med"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0033|ijpp12317-cit-0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Llior C Monnet DL Cot JM Small pharmacies are more likely to dispense antibiotics without a medical prescription than large pharmacies in Catalonia, Spain [online] 2010 http:\/\/www.eurosurveillance.org\/ViewArticle.aspx?ArticleId=19635","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.32.19635-en"},{"key":"10.1111\/ijpp.12317-BIB0034|ijpp12317-cit-0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/2279-042X.179574","article-title":"Exploring self-perception of community pharmacists of their professional identity, capabilities, and role expansion","volume":"5","author":"Salim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Res Pharm Pract"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijpp.12317","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijpp.12317","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/wol1\/doi\/10.1111\/ijpp.12317\/fullpdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T05:31:55Z","timestamp":1657344715000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1111\/ijpp.12317"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijpp.12317","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-7671"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-7671","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,28]]}}}