{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:19:56Z","timestamp":1789910396610,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1256,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial review is an important part of antimicrobial stewardship. A novel enzyme template generation and amplification technique (ETGA), the Cognitor\u00ae Minus (Momentum Bioscience, Long Hanborough, UK) test, has a 99.5% negative predictive value for bacteraemia and fungaemia. This observational study asked two questions: (1) Does a negative ETGA, indicating no bacteraemia or fungaemia, aid antimicrobial review within 48 h of admission; (2) In this real-life clinical setting, does a negative ETGA mean no bacteraemia or fungaemia?<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Consecutive blood cultures in patients with clinical infection were tested by ETGA. Negative results indicating an absence of bacteraemia or fungaemia were reviewed by the clinical infection team. Antibiotics were reviewed in these patients, and the role of the ETGA result in antibiotic change was recorded. Patients were followed up for a week.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Key findings<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A total of 197 of 246 samples gave a negative result by ETGA. This led to a positive stewardship outcome (antimicrobials changed) in 145 (73.6%) and negative stewardship outcome (empirical antimicrobials continued) in 47 (23.9%). Of the positive stewardship outcomes, the ETGA result supported the decision not to start antimicrobials in 21 (10.7%) patients, to stop antimicrobials in 21 (10.7%), to switch from IV to oral antimicrobials in 103 (52.2%) or to discharge or leave the patient at home in 58 cases (29.4%).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Enzyme template generation and amplification supports antimicrobial stewardship decisions and may have cost advantages in reducing unnecessary empirical antibiotics and antifungal agents and in discharging patients from hospital earlier. ETGA result was consistent with blood culture findings and gave an earlier negative result.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpp.12393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]],"date-time":"2017-08-18T08:26:40Z","timestamp":1503044800000},"page":"267-272","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can rapid negative exclusion of blood cultures by a molecular method, enzyme template generation and amplification technique (Cognitor\u00ae Minus), aid antimicrobial stewardship?"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Matthew","family":"Dryden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Sitjar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe","family":"Gunning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Healey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praneeth","family":"Satchithananthan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taryn","family":"Keyser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kordo","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hampshire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Winchester, UK"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen V","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Momentum Bioscience, Long Hanborough, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2441","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkr370","article-title":"Using antibiotics responsibly: right drug, right time, right dose, right duration","volume":"66","author":"Dryden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0002","volume-title":"Infection prevention and control","author":"NICE Quality Standard QS61","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1086\/421087","article-title":"Optimal testing parameters for blood cultures","volume":"38","author":"Cockerill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0004","volume-title":"Evaluation of a new method for the rapid exclusion of infection in suspected bacteraemia","author":"Crow","year":"2014"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0005","volume-title":"Evaluation of a novel diagnostic test for the rapid negative exclusion of blood cultures","author":"Rogers","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0006","volume-title":"Cognitor\u00ae Minus Instructions for Use","author":"Momentum Bioscience","year":"2015"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.03.018","article-title":"Reduction in antibiotic use through procalcitonin testing in patients in the medical admission unit or intensive care unit with suspicion of infection","volume":"78","author":"Saeed","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0008","volume-title":"A Study using EGTA\u00ae Technology, Cognitor\u00ae Minus, to Predict the Negative Results of Blood Cultures after 12 hours Incubation in the Paediatric Setting","author":"Bullivant","year":"2016"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0009","volume-title":"Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance","author":"The World Health Organisation"},{"key":"2021031318592353800_ijpp12393-bib-0010","volume-title":"Commissioning for quality and innovation (CQUIN), guidance for 2016\/17","author":"NHS England","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Pharmacy Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fijpp.12393","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/267\/36596015\/ijpp12393.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article-pdf\/26\/3\/267\/36596015\/ijpp12393.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,13]],"date-time":"2021-03-13T18:59:41Z","timestamp":1615661981000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ijpp\/article\/26\/3\/267\/6099579"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ijpp.12393","relation":{},"ISSN":["0961-7671","2042-7174"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0961-7671","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-7174","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,18]]}}}