{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,11]],"date-time":"2025-03-11T04:41:14Z","timestamp":1741668074516,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387411200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"ELAN Fonds, Medical Faculty, University of Erlangen, Germany"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Stroke"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p> Hematopoietic growth factors have been suggested to induce neuroprotective and regenerative effects in various animal models of cerebral injury. However, the pathways involved remain widely unexplored. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aims<\/jats:title><jats:p> This study aimed to investigate effects of local and systemic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on brain damage, functional recovery, and cerebral neurogenesis in an intracerebral haemorrhage whole blood injection model in rats. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p> Eight-week-old male Wistar rats ( n = 100) underwent induction of striatal intracerebral haemorrhage by autologous whole blood injection or sham procedure and were randomly assigned to either (a) systemic treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (60 \u03bcg\/kg) for five-days; (b) single intracerebral injection of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (60 \u03bcg\/kg) into the cavity; or (c) application of vehicle for five-days. Bromodeoxyuridine-labelling and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze proliferation and survival of newly born cells in the sub-ventricular zone and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Moreover, functional deficits and lesion volume were assessed until day 42 after intracerebral haemorrhage. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p> Differences in lesion size or hemispheric atrophy between granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-treated and control groups did not reach statistical significance. Neither systemic, nor local granulocyte colony-stimulating factor administration induced neurogenesis within the dentate gyrus or the sub-ventricular zone. The survival of newborn cells in these regions was prevented by intracerebral granulocyte colony-stimulating factor application. A subtle benefit in functional recovery at day 14 after intracerebral haemorrhage induction was observed after granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p> There was a lack of neuroprotective or neuroregenerative effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the present rodent model of intracerebral haemorrhage. Conflicting results from functional outcome assessment require further research. <\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/ijs.12217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,19]],"date-time":"2013-12-19T11:09:40Z","timestamp":1387451380000},"page":"783-788","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Does Not Promote Neurogenesis after Experimental Intracerebral Haemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Bernd","family":"Kallm\u00fcnzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miyuki","family":"Tauchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurology, University Medical Center 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