{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T10:24:46Z","timestamp":1775298286334,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,4]],"date-time":"2013-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure interleukin\u20106 levels in a protamine sulfate\u2010induced chronic cystitis rat model treated with hyaluronic acid, and to study the correlation among interleukin\u20106, bladder inflammatory degree and voiding frequency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A chronic cystitis model was created in female rats by using long\u2010term intermittent intravesical protamine sulfate (0.5\u2009mL, 30\u2009mg\/mL). Then, hyaluronic acid (0.5\u2009mL, 0.8\u2009mg\/mL) was also instilled intravesically in the rats. Interleukin\u20106 levels were analyzed with immunohistochemistry, real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining was carried out to examine bladder inflammatory degree based on a four\u2010point scoring system (from 0 \u2013 none to 3 \u2013 severe). Voiding patterns were investigated by cystometrography.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to cystometrography, protamine sulfate\u2010induced rats had significantly shorter intercontraction intervals and less bladder capacity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The bladder tissue of the rats showed severe chronic inflammation. Immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay showed significantly higher expression of interleukin\u20106 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). After intravesical administration of hyaluronic acid, both intercontraction intervals and bladder capacity increased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), whereas both bladder inflammatory degree and interleukin\u20106 levels decreased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between interleukin\u20106 levels and inflammatory degree (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.727, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and also between interleukin\u20106 levels and voiding frequency (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009\u20130.761, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Intravesical administration of hyaluronic acid decreases interleukin\u20106 levels, as well as the severity of bladder inflammation and voiding frequency in a rat model of chronic cystitis. Interleukin\u20106 levels closely correlate with the inflammatory degree and voiding frequency. Thus, they can be regarded as an assessment measure of therapeutic impact.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T03:58:31Z","timestamp":1360036711000},"page":"1017-1022","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Interleukin\u20106 levels in female rats with protamine sulfate\u2010induced chronic cystitis treated with hyaluronic acid"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Yi\u2010Song","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You\u2010Sheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen 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