{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T15:00:35Z","timestamp":1760799635257},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360022400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term ketamine abuse can affect the urinary system, resulting in interstitial cystitis\u2010like syndrome. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. In the present study, a proteomic approach of two\u2010dimensional difference gel electrophoresis followed by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010light mass spectrometry was carried out to investigate the potential disease\u2010associated proteins in a rat model of ketamine\u2010associated cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rats were randomly assigned to control, normal saline, low dose of ketamine (10\u2009mg\/kg) and high\u2010dose of ketamine (50\u2009mg\/kg) groups with six rats in each group. The two experimental groups were given ketamine hydrochloride i.p. daily, whereas the normal saline group rats were treated with saline. After 16\u2009weeks of treatment, all bladders were excised, and samples from normal saline and high dose of ketamine groups were resolved in two\u2010dimensional difference gel electrophoresis. Differentially expressed spots were excised and identified by matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization time\u2010of\u2010light mass spectrometry. Phosphoprotein and non\u2010phosphoprotein purification, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and western blot were carried out in all groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histological study showed hyperplastic epithelium and inflammatory cells infiltration in the high dose of ketamine\u2010treated rat bladders. Two\u2010dimensional difference gel electrophoresis revealed 30 altered expressions between the normal saline and high dose of ketamine\u2010treated group. Among these proteins, two upregulated and two downregulated protein spots were all identified as smooth muscle protein\u201022\/transgelin. Immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis showed that the expression of total transgelin had no significant difference between groups. However, the expression of phosphorylated transgelin in the low\u2010dose and high dose of ketamine groups was increased, whereas the non\u2010phosphorylated transgelin was decreased when compared with the normal saline group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term ketamine abuse induces phosphorylation of transgelin in the bladder wall, and this might play an important role in the pathogenesis of ketamine\u2010associated cystitis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T09:10:55Z","timestamp":1360055455000},"page":"1024-1031","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effects of long\u2010term ketamine administration on rat bladder protein levels: A proteomic investigation using two\u2010dimensional difference gel electrophoresis system"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Di","family":"Gu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhengfei","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youle","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaobin","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Nanfang Hospital Southern Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2007.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2009.02361.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.10031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.1985.tb12922.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2009.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.21014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.04.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5985","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)45526-3","article-title":"Amino acid sequence of chicken gizzard smooth muscle SM22a","volume":"262","author":"Pearlstone JR","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. 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