{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T03:00:37Z","timestamp":1773284437079,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]],"date-time":"2013-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1381276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We developed and assessed a technique of: (i) expanding <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>enonvilliers' space by hydrogel (polyethylene glycol) during focal cryoabation; and (ii) temperature mapping to ensure protection of the rectal wall. In a fresh cadaver, 20\u2009cc of hydrogel was injected transperineally into <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>enonvilliers' space under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Successful expansion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>enonvilliers' space was achieved with a range of 9\u201311\u2009mm thickness covering the entire posterior prostate surface. Two freeze\u2010thaw cycles were used to expand the iceball reaching the rectal wall as an end\u2010point. Intraoperative transrectal ultrasound monitoring and temperature mapping in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>enonvilliers' space by multiple thermocouples documented real\u2010time iceball expansion up to 10\u2009mm beyond the prostate, and safety in protecting the rectal wall from thermal injury. The lowest temperatures of the thermocouples with a distance of 0\u2009mm, 5\u2009mm and 10\u2009mm from the prostate were: \u221235\u00b0C, \u221218\u00b0C and 0\u00b0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), respectively. In gross and microscopic examination, the hydrogel mass measured 11\u2009\u00d7\u200940\u2009\u00d7\u200934\u2009mm, which was identical to the intraoperative transrectal ultrasound measurements, there was no infiltration of the hydrogel into the rectal wall or prostate and no injury to the pelvic organs. In conclusion, the expansion of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>enonvilliers' space by transperineal injection of hydrogel is feasible and a promising technique to facilitate energy\u2010based focal therapy of prostate cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:29:02Z","timestamp":1381544942000},"page":"416-418","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Denonvilliers' space expansion by transperineal injection of hydrogel: Implications for focal therapy of prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Andre Luis","family":"de Castro Abreu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunao","family":"Shoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Marien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Inderbir","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ukimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"USC Institute of Urology Center for Prostate Cancer Focal Therapy Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2012.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-717X-8-96"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2011.02.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.05.069"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"2412","article-title":"Histological and clinical findings in 896 consecutive prostates treated only with radical retropubic prostatectomy: epidemiologic significance of annual changes","volume":"160","author":"Stamey TA","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. 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