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Recent studies have shown that these bladder dysfunctions could originate from chronic inflammation or urothelial insult and proceed to a cascade of tissue reactions, which finally ascends to the central nervous system. Pilot studies of intravesical injection of botulinum toxin type\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> for bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis had been introduced since 2005 with a promising result. Recent evidence suggests that botulinum toxin type\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> could significantly improve symptoms such as daytime frequency, nocturia, pain, quality of life and bladder capacity in bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis patients. Single injection of botulinum toxin could not achieve long\u2010term successful therapeutic result, and repeat injections could provide a better long\u2010term success rate. However, patients with ulcer type bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis might not gain a benefit from botulinum toxin type\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> injection. Laboratory evidence showed that botulinum toxin type\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> for bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis injection could induce peripheral desensitization, reduces bladder chronic inflammation and decreases apoptotic signal molecules in the urothelium. The present article reviewed the recent advances of botulinum toxin type\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">A<\/jats:styled-content> on bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12317","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T02:46:29Z","timestamp":1399517189000},"page":"49-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Potential therapeutic effect of intravesical botulinum toxin type\u2009<scp>A<\/scp> on bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Jia\u2010Fong","family":"Jhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan\u2010Hong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hann\u2010Chorng","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University  Hualien Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.03.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"NIDDK workshop of interstitial cystitis. 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