{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T15:55:17Z","timestamp":1777737317816,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]],"date-time":"2013-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine whether a potential rat model of bladder pain syndrome could be developed through long\u2010term intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 64 female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>prague\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">D<\/jats:styled-content>awley rats were divided into a control group, a low\u2010dose hyaluronidase (1\u2009mg\/mL) group, a high\u2010dose hyaluronidase (4\u2009mg\/mL) group and a hyaluronic acid\u2010treated group. Hyaluronidase was given intravesically three times a week for 1 month. Hyaluronic acid (0.5\u2009mL, 0.8\u2009mg\/mL) was introduced intravesically to hyaluronidase\u2010treated rats' bladders. Histological changes, cystometry, nociceptive behaviors, and messenger ribonucleic acid levels of inflammatory factors were evaluated and compared between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All hyaluronidase\u2010treated rats showed chronic inflammation and fibrosis, increased and activated mast cells, thinned bladder epithelium with abnormal expressions of uroplakin\u2009<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> and zonula occluden\u20101, and increased levels of interleukin\u20106 and intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 messenger ribonucleic acid. However, the inflammatory score and levels of interleukin\u20106 and intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 were more significant in the high\u2010dose hyaluronidase group than in the low\u2010dose hyaluronidase group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Furthermore, hyaluronidase\u2010treated rats showed markedly decreased intercontraction intervals, bladder capacity and increased sensitivity to pain compared with controls (<jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Hyaluronic acid treatment significantly decreased the inflammatory level, number of mast cells, sensitivity to pain, levels of interleukin\u20106 and intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101, and increased intercontraction intervals and bladder capacity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long\u2010term intermittent intravesical hyaluronidase could develop a severe chronic cystitis with diffused fibrosis accompanied by altered histology and bladder function. This chronic cystitis rat model can resemble the clinical and histopathological features of human bladder pain syndrome, and might be a potential valuable model for investigation of this troublesome disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12358","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,29]],"date-time":"2013-11-29T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1385684443000},"page":"601-607","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intravesical hyaluronidase causes chronic cystitis in a rat model: A potential model of bladder pain syndrome\/interstitial cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Yi Song","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"You Sheng","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming En","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Urology First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College  Shantou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bi Hua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hai","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian Xin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(01)01640-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)69129-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.06.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2011.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39897-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02280-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287211398255"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2010.09843.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0404509101"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-012-0839-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1459","volume-title":"Incontinene","author":"Hanno P","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2011.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"3599","article-title":"The role of the bladder surface in interstitial cystitis\/painful bladder syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Teichman JM","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can. 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