{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T15:46:14Z","timestamp":1776872774716,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1399507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study determined if muscarinic receptors could mediate the cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity induced in type\u20092 diabetes mellitus rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten\u2010week\u2010old female <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oto\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>akizaki diabetic rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ister <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>yoto non\u2010diabetic rats (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912) were maintained on a high\u2010fat diet for 4\u2009weeks. Cystometric investigations of the unanesthetized rats were carried out at room temperature (27\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C) for 20\u2009min. They were intravenously administered imidafenacin (0.3\u2009mg\/kg, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096) or vehicle (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096). After 5\u2009min, the rats were transferred to a low temperature (4\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C) for 40\u2009min where the cystometry was continued. The rats were then returned to room temperature for the final cystometric measurements. Afterwards, expressions of bladder muscarinic receptor <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> messenger ribonucleic acids and proteins were assessed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In non\u2010diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ister <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>yoto rats, imidafenacin did not reduce cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity. In diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oto\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>akizaki rats, just after transfer to a low temperature, the cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity in imidafenacin\u2010treated rats was reduced compared with vehicle\u2010treated rats. Within the urinary bladders, the ratio of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> to <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oto\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>akizaki rats was significantly higher than that of the non\u2010diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ister <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>yoto rats. The proportion of muscarinic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptor\u2010positive area within the detrusor in diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oto\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>akizaki rats was also significantly higher than that in non\u2010diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">W<\/jats:styled-content>ister <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>yoto rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imidafenacin partially inhibits cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity in diabetic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">G<\/jats:styled-content>oto\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">K<\/jats:styled-content>akizaki rats. In this animal model, muscarinic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">M<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> receptors partially mediate cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]],"date-time":"2014-05-08T09:42:51Z","timestamp":1399542171000},"page":"1051-1058","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Muscarinic receptors mediate cold stress\u2010induced detrusor overactivity in type\u20092 diabetes mellitus rats"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Imamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ishizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruyuki","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Yamagishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomonori","family":"Minagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Nakazawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudha Silwal","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Nishizawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Lower Urinary Tract Medicine Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00365590701485921"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22335"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2490-13-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2012.03095.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442-2042.2012.03097.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2013.17.2.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1757-5672.2012.00151.x","article-title":"Relationship between toe temperature and lower urinary tract symptoms","volume":"4","author":"Inoue H","year":"2012","journal-title":"LUTS"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2013.796930"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756287212459549"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.119.85"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.40.4.486","article-title":"Beta\u2010cell insensitivity to glucose in the GK rat, a spontaneous nonobese model for type II diabetes","volume":"40","author":"Portha B","year":"1991","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20630"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Effects of imidafenacin (KRP\u2010197\/ONO\u20108025), a new anti\u2010cholinergic agent, on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. 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