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The image contrast is derived from differences in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>rownian motion of water molecules in tissues. The homogenous high signal intensity of upper tract urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer on diffusion\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides helpful diagnostic information for the presence of cancerous lesions in a non\u2010invasive manner. Recently, growing evidence has emerged showing that diffusion\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging can serve as an imaging biomarker for characterizing cancer pathophysiology, because the signal reflects biophysical information about the tissues. Quantitative analysis by evaluating the apparent diffusion coefficient values potentially reflects the histological grade and the biological aggressiveness of urothelial carcinoma. The apparent diffusion coefficient value could be a biomarker predicting the clinical course of upper tract urothelial carcinoma and bladder cancer. In addition, in chemoradiotherapy\u2010based bladder\u2010sparing approaches against muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer, the role of diffusion\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging for predicting the chemoradiosensitivity and for monitoring therapeutic response has been shown. Diffusion\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging is expected to improve the diagnostic accuracy, and this qualitative information might allow individualized treatment strategies for patients with urothelial carcinoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]],"date-time":"2014-07-30T05:58:25Z","timestamp":1406699905000},"page":"1190-1200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Role of diffusion\u2010weighted magnetic resonance imaging as an imaging biomarker of urothelial carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Soichiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumitaka","family":"Koga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Cancer Institute Hospital Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.03.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.12.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2012.11129.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.09.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2012.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2012.05.079"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.03.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2011.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.06.1403"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1593\/neo.81328"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.161.2.3763909"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0720-048X(02)00303-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","first-page":"275","article-title":"Diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): technical improvement using free breathing, STIR and high resolution 3D display","volume":"22","author":"Takahara T","year":"2004","journal-title":"Radiat. 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