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Then, a bioengineered substitute of the bladder lamina propria was generated using cultured stromal cells and fibrin\u2010agarose scaffolds, and the epithelial cells were then subcultured on top to generate a complete bladder mucosa substitute. Evaluation of this substitute was carried out by cell viability and histological analyses, immunohistochemistry for key epithelial markers and transmission electron microscopy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results show a well\u2010configured stroma substitute with a single\u2010layer epithelium on top. This substitute was equivalent to the control bladder mucosa. After 7\u00a0days of <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> development, the epithelial layer expressed pancytokeratin, and cytokeratins CK7, CK8 and CK13, as well as filaggrin and ZO\u20102, with negative expression of CK4 and uroplakin\u00a0III. A reduction of the expression of CK8, filaggrin and ZO\u20102 was found at day\u00a014 of development. An immature basement membrane was detected at the transition between the epithelium and the lamina propria, with the presence of epithelial hemidesmosomes, interdigitations and immature desmosomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results suggest that this model of bioengineered human bladder mucosa shared structural and functional similarities with the native bladder mucosa, although the epithelial cells were not fully differentiated <jats:italic>ex\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic>. We hypothesize that this bladder mucosa substitute could have potential clinical usefulness after <jats:italic>in\u00a0vivo<\/jats:italic> implantation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.12963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,26]],"date-time":"2015-10-26T23:54:44Z","timestamp":1445903684000},"page":"85-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Ex vivo<\/i> construction of a novel model of bioengineered bladder mucosa: A preliminary study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Boris D","family":"Jaimes\u2010Parra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group) University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute University of Granada Granada Spain"},{"name":"PhD Program in Biomedicine University of Granada Granada Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Valle\u2010D\u00edaz de la 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