{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T02:37:35Z","timestamp":1773283055578,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]],"date-time":"2016-02-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25462509"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25462509"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To detect microorganisms responsible for male acute urethritis and to define the microbiology of non\u2010gonococcal urethritis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present study comprised 424 men with symptoms and signs compatible with acute urethritis. Their urethral swabs and first\u2010voided urine underwent detection of the microorganisms. Demographic characteristics and clinical features of <jats:italic>Mycoplasma genitalium<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>\u2010, <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenza<\/jats:italic>\u2010, adenovirus\u2010 or Herpes simplex virus\u2010positive monomicrobial non\u2010gonococcal urethritis, or all\u2010examined microorganism\u2010negative urethritis in heterosexual men were compared with urethritis positive only for <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> was detected in 127 men (30.0%). In 297 men with non\u2010gonococcal urethritis, <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> was detected in 143 (48.1%). In 154 men with non\u2010chlamydial non\u2010gonococcal urethritis, <jats:italic>M. genitalium<\/jats:italic> (22.7%), <jats:italic>M. hominis<\/jats:italic> (5.8%), <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic> (9.1%), <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> (19.5%), <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic> (14.3%), <jats:italic>Neisseria meningitidis<\/jats:italic> (3.9%), <jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> (1.3%), human adenovirus (16.2%), and Herpes simplex virus types 1 (7.1%) and 2 (2.6%) were detected. Although some features of monomicrobial non\u2010chlamydial non\u2010gonococcal urethritis or all\u2010examined microorganism\u2010negative urethritis were significantly different from those of monomicrobial chlamydial non\u2010gonococcal urethritis, most features were superimposed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Predicting causative microorganisms in men with non\u2010gonococcal urethritis based on demographic and clinical features is difficult. However, the present study provides useful information to better understand the microbiological diversity in non\u2010gonococcal urethritis, and to manage patients with non\u2010gonococcal urethritis appropriately.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,5]],"date-time":"2016-02-05T00:02:38Z","timestamp":1454630558000},"page":"325-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Male non\u2010gonococcal urethritis: From microbiological etiologies to demographic and clinical features"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Shin","family":"Ito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"iClinic Sendai Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Hanaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Disease Surveillance Center National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Shimuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kensaku","family":"Seike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Yasuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeaki","family":"Yokoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Ohnishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Deguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Graduate School of Medicine Gifu University Gifu Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199503000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/095646206775809312"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-98-6-958"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"369","article-title":"Staphylococcus saprophyticus in the aetiology of nongonococcal urethritis","volume":"55","author":"Hovelius B","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. 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