{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:57:02Z","timestamp":1777593422787,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare outcomes of the mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From January 2010 to December 2014, single renal pelvic or lower calyceal calculi 10\u201325 mm in size in children (age \u22646 years) treated by either extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (64 patients) or the mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique (54 patients) were included. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was carried out by using a Dornier electromagnetic lithotripter. The mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique was through 14\u2010Fr renal access using a 9.5\u2010Fr semirigid ureteroscope with holmium:yttrium aluminium garnet lithotripsy. The two study groups were compared using Mann\u2013Whitney, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2010test or Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Stone parameters were similar in the mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy groups in all patients, and in the pelvic (39 Miniperc, 52 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy) and lower calyceal (15 Miniperc, 12 extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy) subgroups. Stone\u2010free rates in the mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy groups were 88.9% versus 43.8% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 94.4% versus 81.2% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.032) after first and last sessions, respectively. In the renal pelvis, they were 87.2% versus 50% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 94.9% versus 84.6% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.179), whereas in the lower calyx, they were 93.3% versus 16.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and 93.3% versus 66.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.139) after first and last sessions, respectively. Retreatment rates in the mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy were 7.4% versus 50% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), 7.7% versus 46.2% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and 6.7% versus 66.7% (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) in all patients, renal pelvic and lower calyceal stones, respectively. No significant difference was found in complications (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.521). Auxiliary procedures were required in 9.4% and 1.9% of children in the extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy and mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique groups, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotripsy technique has significantly higher stone\u2010free rates than extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy for renal pelvic and lower calyceal stones (10\u201325 mm), with a lower retreatment rate and without a significant increase in complications.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]],"date-time":"2016-05-13T11:08:10Z","timestamp":1463137690000},"page":"564-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Lower calyceal and renal pelvic stones in preschool children: A comparative study of mini\u2010percutaneous nephrolithotomy versus extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Mohammed S","family":"ElSheemy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kareem","family":"Daw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enmar","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Aboulela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Fathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed M","family":"Shouman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"El Ghoneimy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed I","family":"Shoukry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hany A","family":"Morsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hesham","family":"Badawy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Urology Aboul\u2010Riche Children's Hospital Cairo University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","unstructured":"TekgulS DoganHS HoebekePet al.Guidelines on Paediatric Urology. 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