{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T13:06:19Z","timestamp":1761311179870,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476662400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008883","name":"Nagoya City University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008883","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effect of potassium\u2010sodium citrate on the development of computed tomography\u2010detected renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone\u2010forming patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients (aged 20\u201380 years) with history of calcium component stones who visited Nagoya City Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan, between April 2009 and June 2014 were included. They were retrospectively divided into those who did not receive potassium\u2010sodium citrate (non\u2010citrate group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 157) and those who did (citrate group, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 60). For patients in both groups, we evaluated blood and urine biochemistry and sediment, number of computed tomography\u2010detected microcalculi, number of asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances, and pain events. Observations were made at study initiation and 12 months later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The citrate group showed a significantly increased urine pH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and daily citrate excretion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) over the study period. The non\u2010citrate group showed increased numbers of microcalculi at study completion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002); over the same period, the number of microcalculi in the citrate group decreased significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Additionally, multivariable analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 2.84, 95% confidence interval 1.49\u20135.39) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16\u20130.72) in the citrate group than in the non\u2010citrate group. A sex\u2010adjusted analysis showed more asymptomatic microcalculi disappearances (odds ratio 3.96, 95% confidence interval 1.57\u201310.02) and fewer pain events (odds ratio 0.22, 95% confidence interval 0.07\u20130.70) in women than in men after citrate treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Potassium\u2010sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone\u2010forming individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,17]],"date-time":"2016-10-17T08:29:20Z","timestamp":1476692960000},"page":"75-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Potassium\u2010sodium citrate prevents the development of renal microcalculi into symptomatic stones in calcium stone\u2010forming 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