{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,10]],"date-time":"2026-01-10T10:04:37Z","timestamp":1768039477132,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,25]],"date-time":"2018-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1519516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hypogonadism is a major complication in testicular cancer survivors, but its prevalence varies among studies. In Japan, free testosterone has been used for diagnosis of late\u2010onset hypogonadism syndrome. In the present study, we evaluated the hormone level of testicular cancer survivors and its impact on their quality of life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 50 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">testicular cancer<\/jats:styled-content> survivors treated from 1990 to 2013 were enrolled. The median age was 44 years. The serum levels of free testosterone, total testosterone and luteinizing hormone were measured. All patients completed the Aging Males\u2019 Symptom scale and International Index of Erectile Function\u201015. The hormone levels of 337 healthy volunteers were used as the control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 32 (64%) patients showed free testosterone levels &lt;8.5 pg\/mL. In contrast, just 26% of 50 patients showed total testosterone levels &lt;3.5 ng\/mL. Testicular cancer survivors had significantly lower free testosterone and higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">luteinizing hormone<\/jats:styled-content> compared with healthy controls. In contrast, there was no difference in total testosterone between patients and controls. The prevalence of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">late\u2010onset hypogonadism<\/jats:styled-content> symptoms of any grade (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Aging Males\u2019 Symptom<\/jats:styled-content> total score \u226527) was 60%. Overall, 64% were defined as having moderate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">erectile dysfunction<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">International Index of Erectile Function<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Erectile Function<\/jats:styled-content> domain score &lt;17). However, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Aging Males\u2019 Symptom<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> International Index of Erectile Function<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Erectile Function<\/jats:styled-content> domain scores did not differ by free testosterone or total testosterone level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first report on the prevalence of hypogonadism determined by free testosterone level in Japanese <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">testicular cancer<\/jats:styled-content> survivors. Because <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Aging Males\u2019 Symptom<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">International Index of Erectile Function<\/jats:styled-content>\u201015 scores do not necessarily reflect the hormone level, measuring free testosterone is also important in the follow up of these patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.13537","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,26]],"date-time":"2018-02-26T00:22:43Z","timestamp":1519604563000},"page":"457-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High prevalence of hypogonadism determined by serum free testosterone level in Japanese testicular cancer survivors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kurobe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koji","family":"Kawai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Suetomi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teruaki","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Male Infertility Center for Human Reproduction Sanno Hospital Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natsui","family":"Waku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kawahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Joraku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Faculty of Medicine University of Tsukuba Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Miyazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology School of Medicine International University of Health and Welfare Narita Chiba 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