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Mucus obstruction and metabolic disorders are common complications of intestinal substitution. To circumvent these troubles, modified techniques, such as tapering the bowel graft, intestinal onlay flap and the Yang\u2013Monti procedure, are used. In particular, Yang\u2013Monti ileal ureter replacement is a highly effective option for ureteral reconstruction, and the incidence of complications would be significantly reduced in select patients. After being combined with the Boari flap or psoas hitch technique, the length of intestinal segment used can also be significantly reduced. Most recent long\u2010term results suggest that ileal ureter replacement with antireflux anastomosis seems to be remarkably free of complications, and we highly praise the distal nipple valve technique. Appendiceal interposition is available for patients with normal appendix, and usually this procedure is limited to reconstructing the right ureter. Appendiceal onlay ureteroplasty has emerged as a feasible and effective option to manage patients with complex proximal and mid\u2010ureteral strictures of the right side. The colon is rarely used for ureteral reconstruction because of its large caliber and mucous surface area. However, a reconfigured colon segment is a good substitute to reconstruct long\u2010segment ureteral defects, and long\u2010term follow up confirmed minimal complications and improved renal function. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on complex ureteral reconstruction and replacement using intestinal segments, in particular, ileal ureter replacement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,19]],"date-time":"2020-03-19T01:11:22Z","timestamp":1584580282000},"page":"377-386","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Intestinal interposition for complex ureteral reconstruction: A comprehensive review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Shengwei","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Peking University First Hospital Beijing China"},{"name":"Institute of Urology Peking University Beijing China"},{"name":"National Urological Cancer Center Beijing 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