{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:15:21Z","timestamp":1764494121965},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1607731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010740","name":"Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B12015081045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B12015081045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate voiding behavior characteristics in intact and sham mice, and to examine whether intact mice show changes in \u201cnormal\u201d micturition with aging.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 72 8\u2010week\u2010old mice were divided into two groups \u2013 intact and sham \u2013 and the latter group was subjected to a sham of partial bladder outlet obstruction surgery. Urination frequency was evaluated (through metabolic cages) at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12\u00a0months after the surgery (or at the equivalent time points for the intact mice). To address possible mechanisms for aging and surgical effects on urinary behavior, quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction assays were carried out. Primary data were evaluated using scatter plots and descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In sham mice, urination frequency showed strong variation at the earlier post\u2010surgical time points (especially at 1\u00a0month), with variation decreasing with time. Quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction showed that the serotonin\u00a02C receptor\u2010encoding mRNA accumulated to &gt;28\u2010fold higher levels at 24\u00a0months compared with 3\u00a0months in intact mice. A major limitation of the quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction experiments was that we did not separate whole bladder into muscle and mucosa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although a sham operation is typically used in partial bladder outlet obstruction experiments to provide control animals, the sham group might itself show increased variation in micturition frequency at early times after surgery, compared with intact animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,13]],"date-time":"2020-12-13T02:23:51Z","timestamp":1607826231000},"page":"346-352","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Are sham\u2010operated mice a valid comparator in studies using a bladder outlet obstruction model? A pitfall reveals a meaningful insight"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Takeya","family":"Kitta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Hattori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Affairs Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Chiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madoka","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Renal and Genitourinary Surgery Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University Sapporo Hokkaido 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