{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T09:17:07Z","timestamp":1764494227552,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated whether the treatment history of low\u2010dose rituximab affected safety profiles, and humoral and cellular responses induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine in healthy controls and kidney transplant recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We enrolled 10 healthcare workers as controls, 22 kidney transplant recipients with rituximab, and 36 kidney transplant recipients without rituximab without history of coronavirus disease 2019 who received two doses of vaccine. We assessed anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike antibody and the antigen\u2010specific T cells using enzyme\u2010linked immunospot against spike protein at baseline and after two doses of vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All controls showed anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and enzyme\u2010linked immunospot positivity. Only 19\/58 (33%) kidney transplant recipients experienced anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion and 31\/58 (53%) kidney transplant recipients developed enzyme\u2010linked immunospot assay positivity after vaccination. The anti\u2010severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody seroconversion rate and enzyme\u2010linked immunospot assay positivity rate after vaccination were not significantly different between kidney transplant recipients with or without rituximab. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated rituximab was not associated with a lack of humoral and cellular responses to the vaccine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010dose rituximab in kidney transplant recipients did not affect humoral or cellular responses to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine without severe systemic adverse events including the deterioration of kidney function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14978","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T01:23:45Z","timestamp":1658453025000},"page":"1279-1286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Immunogenicity and safety of two doses of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 mRNA vaccine in kidney transplant recipients with low\u2010dose 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