{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T10:18:48Z","timestamp":1789640328150,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677456000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To conduct an exploratory examination of caregiver burden involving toilet problems in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 50 outpatients with amnestic MCI and AD and their caregivers. Patients were subclassified into three groups: MCI, mild AD, and moderate\/severe AD. We used the Japanese version of the Zarit Burden Interview (J\u2010ZBI) to evaluate caregiver burden and conducted a questionnaire on the frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms and related caregiver burden. We compared the frequency of questionnaire items with the level of burden in each group and subsequently determined the J\u2010ZBI correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the questionnaire items, the caregiver's burden of \u201cincreased daytime urinary frequency,\u201d \u201cnocturia,\u201d \u201curinary incontinence,\u201d and \u201cthey cannot clean the toilet\u201d statistically significantly correlated with J\u2010ZBI scores (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.52, 0.65, 0.79, and 0.83, respectively). Items including \u201cthey cannot clean the toilet,\u201d \u201cthe smell of excrement is bothersome,\u201d \u201cassistance for transfer is necessary,\u201d \u201cthey soil the clothes and bed,\u201d and \u201cthey cannot clean the genital region\u201d were significantly more common in the patient group with moderate\/severe AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lower urinary tract symptoms and toilet problems were significantly correlated with caregiver burden. Toilet problems differ depending on the severity of dementia. Therefore, a support system based on dementia severity is required to address toilet problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,5]],"date-time":"2023-03-05T06:15:29Z","timestamp":1677996929000},"page":"539-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The current state of family caregiver burden and support of toilet problems for elderly with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7827-3530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaki","family":"Kamiya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiko","family":"Osawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Shinoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisae","family":"Nishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology  Obu Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-8301.2012.00415.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ggi.12260"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/14.2.65"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1995.tb07341.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10042"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Incontinent or not Don't label: describe and assess","volume":"3","author":"Stokes G","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Dem Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000144027"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002383099200500108"},{"issue":"77","key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Conservative interventions for incontinence in people with dementia or cognitive impairment, living at home: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Drennan VM","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1997.tb03199.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afaa262"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.11.M693"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199915060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e3181bf9f0f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318235b62f"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24549"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","unstructured":"European Association of Urology.EAU guidelines on management of non\u2010neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) incl. benign prostatic obstruction (BPO).2022. Available from:https:\/\/d56bochluxqnz.cloudfront.net\/documents\/full\u2010guideline\/EAU\u2010Guidelines\u2010on\u2010Non\u2010Neurogenic\u2010Male\u2010LUTS\u20102022.pdf. Accessed 11 May 2022."},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Update on the management of overactive bladder","volume":"31","author":"Fontaine C","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ther Adv Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5213\/inj.2142042.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-020-00792-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-9047-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-022-03476-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-034460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17483107.2020.1753831"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23913"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iju.15171","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/iju.15171","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iju.15171","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,19]],"date-time":"2023-08-19T13:57:27Z","timestamp":1692453447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iju.15171"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iju.15171"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.15171","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0919-8172","1442-2042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0919-8172","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-06-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-02-27","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}