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Therefore, urinary markers for the detection of bladder cancer have attracted research attention for decades to reduce unnecessary cystoscopies. Urine, which is in continuous contact with bladder cancer, is considered a suitable fluid for providing tumor information. Urinary cytology is the only widely used urinary marker in clinical practice; however, it has poor sensitivity for low\u2010grade tumors; indicating the need for novel urinary markers. Considerable research has been conducted on this topic over the years, resulting in a complex landscape with a wide range of urinary markers, including protein\u2010, exfoliated cell\u2010, RNA\u2010, DNA\u2010, and extracellular vesicle\u2010based markers. Although some of these markers have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and are commercially available, their use in clinical practice is limited. To facilitate clinical application, potential urinary markers must withstand prospective clinical trials and be easy for patients and clinicians to understand and utilize in a clinical context. This review provides a comprehensive overview of currently available and recently reported promising urinary markers for bladder cancer. Additionally, the challenges and the prospects of these urinary markers for clinical implementation in bladder cancer treatment were discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,16]],"date-time":"2023-11-16T05:10:40Z","timestamp":1700111440000},"page":"208-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Urinary markers for bladder cancer diagnosis: A review of current status and future challenges"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-9446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eisuke","family":"Tomiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine  Osaka 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