{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T04:37:22Z","timestamp":1769575042243,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18K07098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18K07098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Antibiotic treatment is extremely stressful for bacteria and has profound effects on their viability. Such administration induces physiological changes in bacterial cells, with considerable impact on their genome structure that induces mutations throughout the entire genome. This study investigated drug resistance profiles and structural changes in the entire genome of uropathogenic <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> (UPEC) strains isolated from six adapted clones that had evolved under laboratory conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight UPEC strains, including two parental strains and six adapted clones, with different fluoroquinolone resistance levels originally isolated from two patients were used. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 28 different antibiotics including levofloxacin was determined for each of the eight strains. In addition, the effects of mutations acquired with increased drug resistance in the levofloxacin\u2010resistant strains on expression of genes implicated to be involved in drug resistance were examined.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the eight UPEC strains used to test the MIC of 28 different antibiotics, two highly fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant strains showed increased MIC in association with many of the antibiotics. As drug resistance increased, some genes acquired mutations, including the transcriptional regulator <jats:italic>acrR<\/jats:italic> and DNA\u2010binding transcriptional repressor <jats:italic>marR<\/jats:italic>. Two strain groups with genetically different backgrounds (GUC9 and GFCS1) commonly acquired mutations in <jats:italic>acrR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>marR<\/jats:italic>. Notably, acquired mutations related to efflux pump upregulation also contributed to increases in MIC for various antibiotics other than fluoroquinolone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present results obtained using strains with artificially acquired drug resistance clarify the underlying mechanism of resistance to fluoroquinolones and other types of antibiotics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.15348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,2]],"date-time":"2023-12-02T16:54:07Z","timestamp":1701536047000},"page":"295-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multi\u2010drug resistance pattern and genome\u2010wide <scp>SNP<\/scp> detection in levofloxacin\u2010resistant uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> strains"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5667-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayo","family":"Okumura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank National Institute of Infectious Diseases  Higashimurayama Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine  Obihiro Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Kaido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, Medical &amp; Scientific Affairs, Sysmex Corporation  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuro","family":"Muratani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hibiki AMR Laboratory  Kitakyushu Fukuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiki","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Center for Animal Health and Food Safety Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine  Obihiro Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasumasa","family":"Akai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regulatory Affairs &amp; Quality Assurance, Sysmex Corporation  Kobe Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hisao","family":"Kurazono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine  Obihiro Hokkaido Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shingo","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hyogo College of Medicine  Nishinomiya Hyogo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149118"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3432"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00665-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00827-10"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq112"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.05693-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/MRA.00199-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.107524.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.19695"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkx270"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2000.01802.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.178.8.2216-2223.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01599.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"MarA, SoxS and Rob of Escherichia coli \u2010 global regulators of multidrug resistance, virulence and stress response","volume":"2","author":"Duval V","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biotechnol Wellness Ind"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Urology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/iju.15348","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,10]],"date-time":"2024-03-10T12:50:16Z","timestamp":1710075016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/iju.15348"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/iju.15348"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iju.15348","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0919-8172","1442-2042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0919-8172","type":"print"},{"value":"1442-2042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-07-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-11-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-12-01","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}