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Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been a key treatment in patients with castration\u2010sensitive PC (CSPC); however, resistance typically emerges through multiple mechanisms, leading to metastatic castration\u2010resistant PC (mCRPC). Taxane\u2010based therapy (i.e., docetaxel, cabazitaxel) has been standard care in patients with mCRPC. New evidence supporting the addition of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs, e.g., enzalutamide, abiraterone) to docetaxel and ADT for patients with metastatic CSPC (mCSPC) raises questions about the role of taxane\u2010based therapies and their optimal sequencing, as well as how to identify patients who may benefit from taxane\u2010based therapy. Here we review the evidence on taxane\u2010based therapy, including cabazitaxel, in the treatment of PC, with a focus on clinical and real\u2010world evidence from Japan. Cabazitaxel has proven effective for patients with mCRPC who have a history of ARSI and docetaxel use, and it is preferable to a second alternative ARSI, as indicated in the CARD study. The safety profile of cabazitaxel (particularly, the incidence of neutropenia) can be managed through prophylactic use of granulocyte colony\u2010stimulating factor, as well as a lower dosage and possibly variation of the dosage interval. However, a certain dose intensity is required because neutropenia has been identified as a potential prognostic indicator for treatment effectiveness. In the ARSI era for mCSPC, evidence on mCRPC treatment sequencing is limited. A better understanding of PC biology and the collection of real\u2010world data is essential for effective treatment and improved safety\u2010benefit outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T15:06:00Z","timestamp":1740582360000},"page":"475-487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Current Evidence on Cabazitaxel for Prostate Cancer Therapy: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1448-7273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine Gunma University  Maebashi Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideyasu","family":"Matsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JA Yamaguchi Kouseiren Nagato General Hospital  Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9203-4245","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nobuaki","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hirotaka","family":"Kazama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty Care, Oncology Medical, Sanofi K.K.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Specialty Care, Oncology Medical, Sanofi K.K.  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