{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T03:05:56Z","timestamp":1774580756214,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]],"date-time":"2025-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To demonstrate the diagnostic performance of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) for bladder cancer using oral 5\u2010aminolaevulinic acid in patients with or without a history of intravesical Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) therapy, and to investigate the potential causes of false\u2010positive results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study included 110 patients with suspected non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer who underwent PDD. Among them, 80 patients had no history of BCG therapy (BCG\u2010na\u00efve group) and 30 had received BCG therapy (BCG group). Pathological examination of false\u2010positive and true\u2010negative PDD samples was performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the BCG\u2010na\u00efve group, 215 samples were PDD\u2010positive, of which 53 (24.7%) showed no malignancy. In the BCG group, 94 samples were PDD\u2010positive, of which 51 (54.3%) showed no malignancy. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of PDD in the BCG\u2010na\u00efve versus BCG group were 70.1 versus 76.8, 82.6 versus 56.0, 75.3 versus 45.7, and 78.5 versus 83.3, respectively. Only six of 100 samples (6%) with false\u2010positive PDD results showed precancerous findings. Irrespective of whether patients had received intravesical BCG therapy, &gt;\u200990% of the samples with false positivity in PDD showed reactive changes, whereas 22 of 95 samples (23.2%) with true negativity in PDD showed reactive changes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both the specificity and positive predictive value of PDD were lower in the BCG group than in the BCG\u2010na\u00efve group. In most false\u2010positive PDD samples, reactive changes, rather than precancerous findings, were observed\u2014even in the BCG\u2010na\u00efve group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T21:49:08Z","timestamp":1743284948000},"page":"729-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pathological Analysis of False\u2010Positive Samples in Photodynamic Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer According to a History of Intravesical Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin Therapy"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5854-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takeshi","family":"Sano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Ohe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Pathology Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Osaka Saiseikai\u2010Noe Hospital  Osaka Japan"},{"name":"Graduate School of Engineering Tottori University  Tottori Japan"},{"name":"Corporate Sponsored Research Programs for Multicellular Interactions in Cancer Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7404-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hisanori","family":"Taniguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Yanishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hidefumi","family":"Kinoshita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology and Andrology Kansai Medical University  Osaka Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14281"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2021.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000003981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2022.0041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2008.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2020.12.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000593","article-title":"Use and Validation of the AUA\/SUO Risk Grouping for Non\u2010Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer in a Contemporary Cohort","volume":"203","author":"Ritch C. 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