{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T16:12:31Z","timestamp":1789229551262,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]],"date-time":"2025-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755561600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment strategies for metastatic castration\u2010sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) have advanced significantly, yet the prognostic impact of time to castration resistance (TTCR) on overall survival (OS) remains unclear. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the relationship between TTCR and OS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 218 patients diagnosed with pure prostatic adenocarcinoma and treated with combined androgen blockade therapy at Kanazawa University Hospital between 2000 and 2020, 160 who progressed to metastatic castration\u2010resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) were included. OS was evaluated from initial diagnosis (OS\u2010PC) and from mCRPC progression (OS\u2010CRPC). TTCR was stratified into four groups. Kaplan\u2013Meier analysis and log\u2010rank tests were used to assess survival. Outcomes were further analyzed based on the use of androgen receptor signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) post\u2010mCRPC progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median follow\u2010up was 50.1\u2009months. Median OS\u2010PC and OS\u2010CRPC were 70.6 and 48.1\u2009months, respectively. Shorter TTCR and Gleason pattern 5 were associated with worse OS\u2010PC. ALP (IFCC)\u2009&gt;\u2009130\u2009IU\/L, LDH (IFCC)\u2009&gt;\u2009300\u2009IU\/L, and shorter TTCR predicted poorer OS\u2010CRPC. Among patients with TTCR\u2009\u2265\u200912\u2009months, ARSI use post\u2010mCRPC progression was significantly associated with improved OS\u2010PC and OS\u2010CRPC. In contrast, for patients with TTCR\u2009&lt;\u200912\u2009months, ARSI treatment improved OS\u2010CRPC but not OS\u2010PC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Short TTCR was linked to reduced OS\u2010PC and OS\u2010CRPC. ARSI therapy after mCRPC progression provided substantial survival benefits, particularly in patients with TTCR\u2009\u2265\u200912\u2009months. These findings may help reconsider the role of CAB in Asians, including Japanese.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T05:50:04Z","timestamp":1755669004000},"page":"1640-1649","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prognostic Impact of Time to Castration Resistance on Overall Survival in Patients With Metastatic Castration\u2010Sensitive Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3599-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Inaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryunosuke","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Kamijima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renato","family":"Naito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yaegashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Nohara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Shigehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kouji","family":"Izumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Mizokami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21820"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24082"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(02)80307-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2023.0050"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13253"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1470\u20102045(12)70379\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1405095"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","first-page":"191","volume-title":"TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours","author":"Brierley J. 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