{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:31:51Z","timestamp":1793367111177,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      \u03b23\u2010tubulin, which is encoded by tubulin\u2010\u03b23 (\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), is a microtubule protein. Although previous studies have indicated that\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      overexpression is associated with a poor prognosis and chemoresistance in bladder cancer (BLCA), no studies have conducted comprehensive\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses of urothelial carcinoma (UC) via public databases. We aimed to analyze the role of\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      in UC via immunohistochemistry (IHC) and public database analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed IHC and\n                      <jats:italic>in silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analyses to investigate the clinicopathological significance of\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      in UC, evaluated its role in determining the molecular subtype, and examined its impact on the effectiveness of chemotherapy, BCG treatment, and immunotherapy in patients with UC using public databases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IHC revealed that 18 of 71 (25.4%) BLCA cases were positive for \u03b23\u2010tubulin. The \u03b23\u2010tubulin\u2010positive group had a greater disease stage and poorer cancer\u2010specific survival (CSS).\n                      <jats:italic>In silico<\/jats:italic>\n                      analysis revealed that there was significant upregulation of\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression in BLCA, particularly in muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), relative to normal urothelium. High\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was associated with the basal molecular subtype and a poor prognosis. There was no association between the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      and the efficacy of BCG therapy, cisplatin\u2010based chemotherapy, or immunotherapy. The high expression of\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      was also associated with aggressive features, a poor prognosis, and the basal subtype of upper\u2010tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      may play an essential role in the development and progression of UC.\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      was associated with the basal subtype.\n                      <jats:italic>TUBB3<\/jats:italic>\n                      could be a potential therapeutic target and biomarker in UC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70220","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T06:34:27Z","timestamp":1757918067000},"page":"1893-1901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>TUBB3<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Is Associated With a Poor Prognosis and Basal Subtypes in Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Naofumi","family":"Nomura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences Hiroshima University  Hiroshima Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1525-5463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Sekino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Graduate School of 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