{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:56:55Z","timestamp":1773017815340,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intermediate\u2010risk (IR) non\u2010muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a heterogeneous disease. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic diagnosis (PDD)\u2010assisted transurethral resection of the bladder (TURBT) using the recently validated International Bladder Cancer Group (IBCG) risk stratification model for IR\u2010NMIBC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a single\u2010center retrospective analysis of 193 patients with IR\u2010NMIBC who underwent either PDD\u2010assisted with oral 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200969) or white\u2010light (WL) TURBT (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009126) between 2009 and 2023. We performed 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) to balance baseline characteristics. Recurrence\u2010free survival (RFS) was compared between the groups using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method with subgroup analyses based on IBCG risk strata (IR\u2010low, IR\u2010intermediate\/high).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After PSM, 69 patients with well\u2010balanced characteristics remained in each group. PDD was associated with a significantly improved RFS compared with WL\u2010TURBT in the overall cohort (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.016). Using subgroup analysis, this benefit was most pronounced in the IR\u2010low risk group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.025), whereas no significant difference was found in the IR\u2010intermediate\/high\u2010risk group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.14). Regarding multivariate analysis, PDD was an independent predictor of improved RFS in both the entire IR cohort (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.421,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.009) and IR\u2010low subgroup (HR: 0.361,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.047).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PDD\u2010assisted TURBT significantly improved the recurrence outcomes in patients with IR\u2010NMIBC, with the greatest benefit observed in the IR\u2010low risk subgroup. These findings support a stratified approach in which PDD is a cornerstone of management of IR\u2010low patients, while highlighting the need for further research to optimize treatment strategies for IR\u2010intermediate\/high patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T05:47:39Z","timestamp":1769838459000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Photodynamic Diagnosis Is Confined to the Low\u2010Risk Subgroup of Intermediate\u2010Risk Non\u2010Muscle\u2010Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4826-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yohei","family":"Abe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine Kagawa University  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