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At present, the etiology of interstitial cystitis\/bladder pain syndrome (IC\/BPS), a chronic disease of the urinary bladder, remains undefined. Therefore, numerous theories of pathogenesis have been proposed, and various animal models have been developed based on these theories. This enigmatic human disease can be categorized into two subtypes: Hunner\u2010type IC (HIC) and bladder pain syndrome (BPS). These two subtypes of IC\/BPS have different pathological mechanisms, but their clinical symptoms overlap. Recent evidence indicates that HIC is an immune\u2010mediated inflammatory disease of the urinary bladder, while BPS is a minimally inflamed bladder condition comprising various clinical phenotypes. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that autoimmunity may play a significant role in IC\/BPS, particularly in HIC. Today, the rodent models of experimental autoimmune cystitis (EAC) are being used in HIC research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This article provides an overview of immune\u2010mediated inflammation and autoimmunity in IC\/BPS, as well as EAC models that can be used for HIC research, with a focus on the URO\u2010OVA model, a novel transgenic EAC model that effectively mimics HIC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The URO\u2010OVA model develops chronic bladder inflammation, pelvic\/bladder pain, and voiding dysfunction seen in human HIC patients. It responds to treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and specific inhibitors, such as Toll\u2010like receptor (TLR)4, mitogen\u2010activated protein (MAP) kinase, and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 inhibitors. The URO\u2010OVA model is stable and reproducible, providing a unique EAC model for HIC research that incorporates immune\/autoimmune components in its pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:34:31Z","timestamp":1777700071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Animal Models of Hunner\u2010Type Interstitial Cystitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1439-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshiyuki","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shinshu University School of Medicine  Matsumoto Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology University of 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