{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T13:06:27Z","timestamp":1785330387411,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives<\/jats:title>\n We evaluated the association between chronic kidney disease and the current and background conditions of adults with spina bifida.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Patients with spina bifida (group A,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200934) and patients with a history of pediatric encephalitis or spinal cord injury (group B,\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200923) who were older than 18\u2009years between January 2013 and August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The chronic kidney disease\u2010free survival was compared between groups. In each group, the congenital or pediatric background conditions (gender, disease type, history of febrile urinary tract infection, bladder augmentation, vesico\u2010ureteral reflux, or detrusor overactivity) and current background conditions (age at last follow\u2010up, ambulatory status, hypertension, and albuminuria) were compared between patients with or without chronic kidney disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The median age was 37\u2009years (range 20\u201367\u2009years). The median chronic kidney disease\u2010free survival was younger in group A than group B (48.0 vs. 65.0\u2009years,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0027). In group A, chronic kidney disease was associated with pediatric febrile urinary tract infection (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0018) and vesico\u2010ureteral reflux (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0090), current hypertension (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001), and albuminuria (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.0053). Multivariate analysis showed only hypertension was significantly associated with chronic kidney disease.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n Young to middle\u2010aged adults with spina bifida with a history of pediatric febrile urinary tract infection or vesico\u2010ureteral reflux and those with current hypertension or albuminuria have an increased risk of chronic kidney disease, suggesting the need for renal function monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T09:23:51Z","timestamp":1784712231000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic Kidney Disease Frequently Observed in Adults With Spina Bifida"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0406-4058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaaki","family":"Imamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shizuoka General Hospital Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hamano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shizuoka General Hospital Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Shizuoka Children Hospital Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6342-7691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Yoshimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Shizuoka General Hospital Shizuoka 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