{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:36:25Z","timestamp":1787585785269,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":25,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Talazoparib plus enzalutamide improved overall survival (OS) in the biomarker\u2010unselected TALAPRO\u20102 population, but OS benefit was not statistically significant in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) non\u2010deficient or unknown subgroup, whereas radiographic progression\u2010free survival (rPFS) was prolonged. We explored time\u2010dependent patterns in estimated treatment effects in this subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximate individual\u2010level data for 636 patients were reconstructed from published Kaplan\u2013Meier curves; original trial\u2010level patient data were unavailable. The proportional hazards assumption was assessed using Schoenfeld residuals and log\u2013log plots. Interval\u2010specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using piecewise Cox models. A treatment\u2010by\u2010log(time\u2009+\u20091) interaction was evaluated formally. Sensitivity analyses included alternative interval schemes, landmark analyses, restricted mean survival time (RMST), and descriptive application of the same piecewise framework to the HRR\u2010deficient subgroup.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The proportional hazards assumption was not rejected for OS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.63) or rPFS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.37). For OS, the 36\u201348\u2010month interval showed a nominally lower hazard with talazoparib (HR 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36\u20130.97; nominal\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.039). For rPFS, the lowest HR occurred at 0\u20136\u2009months (HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.37\u20130.86;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.008). Treatment\u2010by\u2010log(time\u2009+\u20091) interactions were not statistically significant for OS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.44) or rPFS (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This reconstructed\u2010data post hoc analysis suggested exploratory time\u2010dependent patterns in effect estimates without formal evidence of a time\u2010varying treatment effect. Findings are descriptive, hypothesis\u2010generating, and should not be extrapolated to molecularly confirmed HRR\u2010proficient disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      : NCT03395197\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70582","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]],"date-time":"2026-07-26T09:13:41Z","timestamp":1785057221000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploratory Time\u2010Dependent Patterns in Estimated Treatment Effect of Talazoparib Plus Enzalutamide in\n                    <scp>HRR<\/scp>\n                    Non\u2010Deficient or Unknown Metastatic Castration\u2010Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Post Hoc Analysis of the\n                    <scp>TALAPRO<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Shugo","family":"Yajima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Chiba Japan"},{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2757-8083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soichiro","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Fukushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3632-2901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hajime","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9507-9887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2580-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akihiro","family":"Hirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Masuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology National Cancer Center Hospital East  Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Institute of Science Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)00684-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01055-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/EVIDoa2200043"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(23)00382-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2023.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-12-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-021-01308-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4097\/kja.19183"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70376"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-1741"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2015.21"}],"container-title":["International 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