{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T13:25:52Z","timestamp":1787664352385,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786752000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K02769"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K02769"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trials in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) often enroll younger and fitter patients than those treated in routine practice, limiting applicability to real\u2010world populations. We developed a simple descriptive metric, the eligibility gap (EG) score, to place trial and real\u2010world cohorts on a common scale and summarize differences in baseline eligibility profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pivotal clinical trials were identified through a PubMed search, and three real\u2010world datasets from Japan, the United States, and Spain were included. The EG score used three consistently reported domains: age, ECOG performance status, and cisplatin eligibility. Each domain was scaled from 0 to 33.3 points and summed to yield a score from 0 to 99.9, with higher scores indicating younger, fitter populations. Robustness was assessed across alternative model specifications, including prespecified weighting schemes, random\u2010weight simulations, alternative age and ECOG scoring functions, and one\u2010domain\u2010out analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EG scores were generally higher in cisplatin\u2010based trials (74.8\u201390.1) than in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI)\u2010based trials (52.3\u201381.2) and real\u2010world cohorts (35.1\u201345.5), while the cisplatin\u2010ineligible trial had the lowest score (24.5). Alternative age transformations and a linear ECOG model did not change ranking. In one\u2010domain\u2010out analyses, omission of ECOG preserved ranking, whereas omission of age or cisplatin\u2010fitness produced minor shifts. Across prespecified weighting schemes, rank\u2010order concordance remained high (Spearman's rho\u2009=\u20090.982\u20131.000), and 10\u2009000 random\u2010weight simulations showed a median rho of 0.982.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The EG score may provide a simple descriptive summary of eligibility domains across mUC studies, with stable cohort ordering across alternative model specifications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,15]],"date-time":"2026-08-15T08:35:07Z","timestamp":1786782907000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visualizing Baseline Eligibility Across Locally Advanced or Metastatic Urothelial Cancer Trials and Real\u2010World Cohorts"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Takaki","family":"Ichiyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine  Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2572-3590","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takuma","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine  Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine  Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuya","family":"Sekine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Akita University Graduate School of Medicine  Akita 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