{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:46:04Z","timestamp":1792601164110,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Int J of Urology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the morphological features of cases with immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of beta\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010hCG) in mononuclear seminoma cells (MSC) and to investigate the histopathological and clinical significance of this expression pattern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 76 patients with pure seminoma (without syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells) and at least 1\u2009year of follow\u2010up were included in the study. IHC staining for \u03b2\u2010hCG and CD117 (c\u2010KIT) was retrospectively performed. The \u03b2\u2010hCG and CD117 expression patterns in MSC were scored as negative (0%), focal (0%\u20135%), patchy (6%\u201350%), diffusely positive (&gt;\u200950%). The patients were grouped into clinical stage (CS) I and CS II\u2013III, and their clinical and histopathological parameters were compared.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median age of the 76 patients was 34\u2009years (range, 28\u201342), and the median follow\u2010up duration was 59\u2009months (range, 39\u201379). 61 patients (80.3%) were classified as CS I and 15 patients (19.7%) as CS II\u2013III. In multivariable analysis, the presence of IHC \u03b2\u2010hCG expression was associated with CS (OR\u2009=\u20092.238, 95% CI: 1.092\u20134.751,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.028). In CS I cases, a patchy\/diffuse expression pattern was significantly correlated with rete testis invasion (RTI) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). An inverse relationship was observed between \u03b2\u2010hCG expression and CD117 expression in tumor cells (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u03b2\u2010hCG expression in MSC is associated with CS and, in CS I patients, the expression pattern is associated with RTI. As MSC may exhibit anaplastic\/atypical morphological features, comprehensive tumor sampling and \u03b2\u2010hCG immunohistochemical staining may be valuable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.70663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:27:26Z","timestamp":1792600046000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and Histopathological Significance of Immunohistochemical \u03b2\u2010Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010\n                    <scp>hCG<\/scp>\n                    ) Expression in Mononuclear Seminoma Cells"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4544-759X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00f6ktu\u011f","family":"Kalender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Istanbul Beykoz State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1056-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammet","family":"Demirbilek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Silvan Dr. Yusuf Azizoglu State Hospital  Diyarbak\u0131r Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6848-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kadir Can","family":"\u015eahin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology Istanbul Bayrampasa State Hospital  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4582-4906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emre","family":"Akku\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2196-3821","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi","family":"\u00d6zkara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5307-6733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeyneb Ali","family":"Y\u0131lmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0540-2693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B\u00fclent","family":"\u00d6nal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0115-2124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0130clal","family":"G\u00fcrses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Istanbul University\u2010Cerrahpasa  Istanbul Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Tumors of the Testis, Adnexa, Spermatic Cord, and Scrotum","author":"Ulbright T. 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